Capillary trapping for geologic carbon dioxide storage - From pore scale physics to field scale implications
Capillary trapping for geologic carbon dioxide storage - From pore scale physics to field scale implications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijggc.2015.04.006
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Niu, Ben
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Krevor, Samuel;Blunt, Martin J.;Niu, Ben
自IPCC关于二氧化碳捕获和储存的特别报告（2005年）以来，已经发表了大量的理论、数值和观测工作，重点关注CO2储存中毛细管捕获的各个方面。这项研究将毛细管捕获置于CO2地质储存的几乎每个方面的核心作用。毛细管，或残留，捕获-其中CO2在孔隙空间中作为不连通的神经节被固定，被储存含水层中的盐水包围-由岩石孔隙尺寸尺度的流体和界面物理控制。这些过程已被观察到在孔隙尺度在原位使用X射线显微断层摄影在油藏条件。一个大型数据库的传统厘米岩心规模的观察流动建模，现在可用于一系列岩石类型和油藏条件。这些沿着孔隙尺度观察结果证实，截留饱和度至少为岩石孔隙体积的10%，更典型的为30%，对盐水的后续驱替稳定，并具有水润湿系统的特征。毛细管捕获是普遍的范围内迁移的CO2羽流和理论和数值研究表明，毛细管捕获羽流迁移，固定和CO2存储安全的第一顺序的影响。已经提出了使毛细管捕获最大化的工程策略，其利用使扫掠最大化或增强渗吸的注入方案。国家对二氧化碳储存能力的评估现在包括残余捕集的建模，其中残余捕集可占储存资源的95%。毛细管捕获的现场规模观测已经证实了残留捕获的CO2的形成和稳定性，质量高达10，000吨，时间尺度为几年。重要的突出的不确定性，包括混合湿系统中的毛细管固定和毛细管捕获的异质性的影响。总体毛细管捕获受到实验室和现场规模观测的良好约束，在理论和数值模型中有效建模，并显着提高存储完整性，既增加存储容量，又限制羽流迁移的速率和程度。(C)2015作者爱思唯尔有限公司出版
A significant amount of theoretical, numerical and observational work has been published focused on various aspects of capillary trapping in CO2 storage since the IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (2005). This research has placed capillary trapping in a central role in nearly every aspect of the geologic storage of CO2. Capillary, or residual, trapping - where CO2 is rendered immobile in the pore space as disconnected ganglia, surrounded by brine in a storage aquifer - is controlled by fluid and interfacial physics at the size scale of rock pores. These processes have been observed at the pore scale in situ using X-ray microtomography at reservoir conditions. A large database of conventional centimetre core scale observations for flow modelling are now available for a range of rock types and reservoir conditions. These along with the pore scale observations confirm that trapped saturations will be at least 10% and more typically 30% of the pore volume of the rock, stable against subsequent displacement by brine and characteristic of water-wet systems. Capillary trapping is pervasive over the extent of a migrating CO2 plume and both theoretical and numerical investigations have demonstrated the first order impacts of capillary trapping on plume migration, immobilisation and CO2 storage security. Engineering strategies to maximise capillary trapping have been proposed that make use of injection schemes that maximise sweep or enhance imbibition. National assessments of CO2 storage capacity now incorporate modelling of residual trapping where it can account for up to 95% of the storage resource. Field scale observations of capillary trapping have confirmed the formation and stability of residually trapped CO2 at masses up to 10,000 tons and over time scales of years. Significant outstanding uncertainties include the impact of heterogeneity on capillary immobilisation and capillary trapping in mixed-wet systems. Overall capillary trapping is well constrained by laboratory and field scale observations, effectively modelled in theoretical and numerical models and significantly enhances storage integrity, both increasing storage capacity and limiting the rate and extent of plume migration. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.