Central shutdown and surrounding activation of aftershocks from megathrust earthquake stress transfer

Central shutdown and surrounding activation of aftershocks from megathrust earthquake stress transfer
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特大逆冲地震应力传递导致余震的中心关闭和周围激活

DOI:
10.1038/s41561-022-00954-x
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
18.3
通讯作者:
Stein, Ross S.
Stein, Ross S.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Toda, Shinji;Stein, Ross S.

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大型逆冲断层地震释放并转移数百年来积累的应力,导致可能具有高度破坏性的大规模余震。了解大推力余震的时空模式是减轻地震危险的关键。然而,相互矛盾的观测结果表明,余震要么集中在沿着破裂面本身,要么集中在破裂面沿着周边,或者远远超出破裂面,它们可以持续几年到几十年。在这里,我们介绍了自1960年以来四次最大的巨型逆冲断层地震的余震数据,重点是记录最好的2011年东北地震后地震活动率的变化,这表明破裂面上最初的高余震率很快就关闭了,而一个比它大十倍的区域在它周围形成一个地震活动增强的环。我们发现东北和其他三个巨型逆冲断层的余震模式可以用速率和状态库仑应力转移来解释。我们认为,在断裂带的地震活动关闭可能会持续几个世纪,留下地震活动的空白,可用于识别史前巨型逆冲断层事件。相比之下,周围地区的地震活动在4 - 60年内衰减,增加了大逆冲断层地震后的地震危险性。
Megathrust earthquakes release and transfer stress that has accumulated over hundreds of years, leading to large aftershocks that can be highly destructive. Understanding the spatiotemporal pattern of megathrust aftershocks is key to mitigating the seismic hazard. However, conflicting observations show aftershocks concentrated either along the rupture surface itself, along its periphery or well beyond it, and they can persist for a few years to decades. Here we present aftershock data following the four largest megathrust earthquakes since 1960, focusing on the change in seismicity rate following the best-recorded 2011 Tohoku earthquake, which shows an initially high aftershock rate on the rupture surface that quickly shuts down, while a zone up to ten times larger forms a ring of enhanced seismicity around it. We find that the aftershock pattern of Tohoku and the three other megathrusts can be explained by rate and state Coulomb stress transfer. We suggest that the shutdown in seismicity in the rupture zone may persist for centuries, leaving seismicity gaps that can be used to identify prehistoric megathrust events. In contrast, the seismicity of the surrounding area decays over 4–6 decades, increasing the seismic hazard after a megathrust earthquake.
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期刊: Nature Geoscience
影响因子: 18.3
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2008
期刊:
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