Urbanization in China.
Urbanization in China.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1746-1049.1995.tb00711.x
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发表时间：
1995-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Kojima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Kojima
本文讨论了中国主要城市和农村地区城市化的增长和结构。中国对城市区域的定义是复杂而独特的，它区分了具有和不具有城市地位的城市。城市的“城市”名称对城市人口的社会福利具有重要意义。城市给公民登记，使他们有权利获得食物、职业和住房。自1949年以来，“城市”在1955年、1963年和1984年改变了定义。这样，城市和农村在行政上就分开了。政府的统计数据基于五种城市人口：官方指定的城镇、市辖地区、城市人口、有城市登记的城市人口和城市地区人口。有城市管理的县，也有三级政府结构：省级政府、市行政部门和县行政部门。人口统计数据基于人口普查或城市登记，不考虑移民。公社人口是指那些放弃农业，但被算作农村人口的人，除非他们在官方指定的城镇登记。公社人口是指在乡镇企业工作的人。世界银行的统计数据表明，从1965年到1989年，城市化率从18%上升到53%，但大部分增长发生在20世纪80年代。有人认为，不能不加批判地接受中国的人口统计数据。作者提供了一套与其他国家相适应的重构的中国城市化数据。1961年城市化估计为21%，1971年为16%，1981年为18.7%，1991年为29.7%。得出了七个主要结论。例如，得出的结论是，20世纪80年代，在人口3.8亿以上的9个省份，城市人口增长率为5%或更高。有3个省份的比率为4-5%。预计在20世纪90年代，人口超过6亿的地区将出现城市增长。
This paper discusses the growth and structure of urbanization in major cities and in rural areas in China. The definition of urban area in China is complex and unique in distinguishing between cities with and without an urban status. The designation of "urban" to a city has important implications for social welfare of the urban population. Urban cities grant registration to citizens, which entitles them to food, an occupation, and housing. Since 1949, "city" changed definition in 1955, 1963, and 1984. Urban and rural districts are thus separated administratively. Government statistics are based on five designations of urban population: officially designated cities and towns, areas under municipal jurisdiction, urban population, urban population with an urban registry, and city district population. There are city-administered counties also in a three-tiered structure of government: provincial government, city administration, and county administration. Population statistics are based on population censuses or city registries and do not account for migration. Commune populations are people who have quit agriculture but are counted as rural population, unless they are registered in officially designated towns. Commune populations are people working in village and township enterprises. World Bank statistics indicate an increase in urbanization rates from 1965 to 1989, from 18% to 53%, but most of the growth occurred during the 1980s. It is argued that China's population statistics must not be accepted uncritically. The author offers a reconstructed set of Chinese urbanization figures that would be compatible with other countries. Urbanization was estimated to be 21% in 1961, 16% in 1971, 18.7% in 1981, and 29.7% in 1991. Seven major conclusions are drawn. For instance, it is concluded that urban population growth was 5% or more during the 1980s in nine provinces having populations of 380 million or more. Three provinces had rates of 4-5%. The 1990s are expected to show urban growth in areas with over 600 million people.