Mitochondrial DNA and morphology show independent evolutionary histories of bedbug Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) on bats and humans
Mitochondrial DNA and morphology show independent evolutionary histories of bedbug Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) on bats and humans
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DOI：
10.1007/s00436-012-2862-5
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发表时间：
2012-07-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Vilimova, Jitka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Balvin, Ondrej;Munclinger, Pavel;Vilimova, Jitka
臭虫Cimex lectularius是一种众所周知的人类体外寄生虫，在北美和西欧发达国家消失了几十年后重新出现。臭虫的原始宿主可能是蝙蝠，臭虫在它们的栖息地仍然很常见。使用线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基I和16S基因的形态测量和序列，我们发现，蝙蝠和人类的人口在很大程度上是孤立的，在形态上不同。形态上的差异表明，这是由于适应不同的主机，即适应不同的感官，摄食和传播的需要。使用分子数据，我们估计的时间分裂成蝙蝠和人类寄生群体使用隔离迁移模型。这一估计是令人惊讶的很久以前，似乎早于现代人类从非洲的扩张。蝙蝠和人类寄生的臭虫之间的基因流动是有限的，不对称的流行方向从人类寄生的种群到蝙蝠寄生的种群。种群的分化符合寄主小种的概念，支持同域物种形成的观点。此外，我们的研究结果与最近提出的假设相矛盾，这些假设表明蝙蝠栖息地是臭虫作为人类害虫死灰复燃的来源。此外，我们通过两种蝙蝠物种扩展了臭虫的已知宿主范围。
The bedbug, Cimex lectularius, is a well-known human ectoparasite that is reemerging after a long absence of several decades in developed countries of North America and Western Europe. Bedbugs' original hosts were likely bats, and the bedbugs are still common in their roosts. Using morphometry and sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 16S genes, we showed that the populations on bats and humans are largely isolated and differ in morphology. The character of the morphological difference suggests it to be due to adaptation to different hosts, namely adaptations to different sensory, feeding, and dispersal needs. Using the molecular data, we estimated the time of splitting into bat- and human-parasitizing groups using the isolation-with-migration model. The estimate is surprisingly long ago and seems to predate the expansion of modern human from Africa. The gene flow between bat- and human-parasitizing bedbugs is limited and asymmetric with prevailing direction from human-parasitizing populations to bat-parasitizing populations. The differentiation of the populations fits the concept of host races and supports the idea of sympatric speciation. Furthermore, our findings contradict recently formulated hypotheses suggesting bat roosts as a source of bedbug's resurgence as a human pest. Also, we extend the known host range of the bedbug by two bat species.