Paleolandscape variation and early pleistocene hominid activities: members 1 and 7, Olorgesailie formation, Kenya.
Paleolandscape variation and early pleistocene hominid activities: members 1 and 7, Olorgesailie formation, Kenya.
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古地貌变化和早期更新世原始人类活动：成员 1 和 7，Olorgesailie 组，肯尼亚。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
P. Ditchfield
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Potts;A. Behrensmeyer;P. Ditchfield
古景观研究测试了古人类人工制品空间分布的变化，并在100到1000米的距离内建立了古人类活动与古环境特征的联系。这种方法需要(1)根据沉积标准精确定义狭窄的地层层段，这些层段可以在大范围内记录下来；(2)挖掘这些层段，以建立地层学和古环境背景。本文介绍了奥洛格塞列盆地早更新世（992 ~ 780 ka）矿床中三个目标层段的挖掘情况。对时间平均和古景观结构的评估表明，每个目标区间代表一个相对较短的时期（</=1000年），并表现出独特的环境特征分布（如地形梯度、河道、土壤发育）。石器和动物骨骼化石在每个间隔中都是非随机分布的，其中包括比横向等效背景散射密度高5到293倍的集群。上一段的古土壤保存了相对连续的人工制品和化石分布，而下七段的两个层段则较为零散。我们推断，这两个成员之间的差异反映了原始人类土地利用的真实变化——要么是对当地环境差异的反应，要么是原始人类与环境相互作用的时间变化。通过将比较分析扩展到不同的盆地，应该可以测试人类活动中更广泛的进化变化。来自东非上新世和更新世早期遗址的例子表明，土地利用的进化变化导致(1)原始人分布范围更广，石头运输距离更远；(2)工具辅助行为扩展到更广泛的环境环境；(3)根据特定的环境特征（如熔岩露头、溪流通道），在景观的不同区域更集中地放置特定的人工制品形式（如双面面）。还有湖岸边缘。他们的
Paleolandscape research tests for variation in the spatial distribution of hominid artefacts and establishes the association of hominid activities with paleoenvironmental features over distances of 100s to 1000s of meters. This approach requires (1) precise definition of narrow stratigraphic intervals based on sedimentary criteria that can be documented over a broad area, and (2) excavation of these intervals in order to establish taphonomic and paleoenvironmental contexts. In this report, excavations of three target intervals within the early Pleistocene deposits (992 to 780 ka) of the Olorgesailie basin are described. Assessment of time-averaging and paleolandscape structure shows that each target interval represents a relatively brief period (</=1000 yrs) and exhibits a unique distribution of environmental features (e.g., topographic gradients, channels, soil development). Stone artefacts and fossilized animal bones are distributed nonrandomly in each interval, and include clusters that were five to 293 times more densely concentrated than the laterally equivalent background scatter. A paleosol in upper Member 1 preserves a relatively continuous distribution of artefacts and fossils, in contrast with the more patchy distribution in two intervals of lower Member 7. We infer that the difference between the two members reflects a real variation in hominid land use-either a response to local environmental differences or perhaps a change through time in hominid interaction with the environment. By expanding the comparative analysis to diverse basins, it should be possible to test for broader evolutionary change in hominid activities. Examples drawn from East African Pliocene and early Pleistocene sites suggest that evolutionary change in land use entailed (1) wider ranging of hominids and longer distances of stone transport, (2) expansion of tool-assisted behaviors to a wider diversity of environmental settings, and (3) more strongly focused placement of particular artefact forms (e.g., bifaces) in different areas of the landscape in response to specific environmental features, such as lava outcrops, stream channels, and lake margins. ¿