Characteristics of tail pipe (Nitric oxide) and resuspended dust emissions from urban roads - A case study in Delhi city
Characteristics of tail pipe (Nitric oxide) and resuspended dust emissions from urban roads - A case study in Delhi city
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jth.2019.100653
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Longhurst, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alshetty, V. Dheeraj;Kuppili, Sudheer Kumar;Longhurst, James
简介：个人暴露于城市路边的车辆废气和非废气排放物，会导致致癌的健康影响、呼吸系统疾病和神经系统紊乱。在本文中，试图调查的废气和非废气排放量在德里市选定的道路。研究方法：根据每小时的车辆密度和速度，本研究中考虑了三类道路：（a）低密度道路（= 10 m/s）;（B）中密度道路（> 1000辆/小时，但= 7.5 m/s < 10 m/s）;和（c）高密度道路（> 2000辆/小时，V < 7.5 m/s）。在选定的道路上，使用AVL DiTEST 1000分析仪测量了实际废气排放。还根据EPA AP-42方法在选定道路上进行了淤泥负荷测量。结果如下：结果表明，在高密度道路上的真实世界NO废气排放量为0.5 g/m3（2.03 g/km），在低密度和中等密度道路上为0.23 g/m3（0.67 g/km）。这些值显着高于Bharat标准（BS）IV（0.25 g/km）。不同类型道路上的泥沙负荷表明，低、中、高密度道路上的粉尘沉降量分别为3、25和44 g/m2·d。使用US-EPA AP-42方法测量PM2.5和PMa排放率，发现低密度道路的PM2.5和PMa排放率最低，分别为0.54和2.22 g/VKT（VKT -车辆行驶公里数），高密度道路的PM2.5和PMa排放率最高，分别为12.40和51.25 g/VKT。结论：目前的研究表明，排气管（废气）和可再悬浮的道路灰尘（非废气）排放的贡献显着，并恶化当地的空气质量。虽然存在排放标准，但对于非废气排放（道路灰尘的再悬浮）没有强制性规定。因此，有必要对城市道路上的非废气排放进行监管。
Introduction: Personal exposure to elevated vehicle exhaust and non-exhaust emissions at urban roadside leads to carcinogenic health effects, respiratory illness and nervous system disorders. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the exhaust and non-exhaust emissions emitted from selected roads in Delhi city. Methods: Based on the vehicular density per hour and speed, three categories of roads have been considered in the present study: (a) low density road (= 10 m/s); (b) medium density road ( > 1000 vehicles/hour but = 7.5 m/s < 10 m/s); and (c) high density road (> 2000 vehicles/hour, V < 7.5 m/s). At the selected roads, real-world exhaust emissions were measured using AVL DiTEST 1000 analyser. The silt load measurements were also carried out as per EPA AP -42 methodology at the selected roads. Results: Results indicated real-world NO exhaust emissions of 0.5 g/m(3) (2.03 g/km) on high -density roads and 0.23 g/m3 (0.67 g/km) on low and medium density roads. These values were significantly higher than the Bharat Standard (BS) IV (0.25 g/km). The silt load on the different types of roads indicated 3, 25 and 44 g/m(2) -day dust deposition on, low, medium and high-density road, respectively. PM2.5 and PMa, emission rates were measured using US -EPA AP-42 methodology and were found to be least at low-density roads with values of 0.54 and 2.22 g/VKT (VKT -Vehicle Kilometer Travelled) respectively, and highest for high density roads with values of 12.40 and 51.25 g/VKT respectively. Conclusion: The present study reveals that both tailpipe (exhaust) and resuspend able road dust (non-exhaust) emissions contributes significantly and deteriorates local air quality. Although there exists emission standards, but there are no enforced regulations for non-exhaust emissions (resuspension of road dust). Hence, there is need to regulate non-exhaust emissions on urban roads.