Autophagy and transporter-based multi-drug resistance.
Autophagy and transporter-based multi-drug resistance.
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作者：
Kumar P;Zhang DM;Degenhardt K;Chen ZS
所有用于治疗癌症的治疗策略旨在通过细胞凋亡（程序性细胞死亡I型）杀死癌细胞。缺陷性凋亡赋予肿瘤细胞存活。细胞可以通过自噬来响应这种缺陷。自噬是一种细胞过程，通过该过程，细胞质物质被降解以维持体内平衡或在饥饿中回收能量和营养。大量证据表明，自噬在肿瘤中的作用是复杂的。需要大量的努力来强调自噬在肿瘤进展和治疗中的功能地位，并阐明如何调整自噬来治疗癌症。此外，在肿瘤治疗过程中，肿瘤的多药耐药（MDR）现象限制了肿瘤的治愈率和生存率。MDR的发生是一个复杂的过程，受药物转运蛋白、酶、抗凋亡基因或DNA修复机制的调控。研究表明，自噬在MDR中具有双重作用。此外，据报道，死亡途径的激活可以克服MDR，从而指出其他死亡途径在调节肿瘤细胞进展和生长中的重要性。因此，在这篇综述中，我们将讨论自噬在MDR肿瘤中的作用以及这些现象之间可能的联系。
All the therapeutic strategies for treating cancers aim at killing the cancer cells via apoptosis (programmed cell death type I). Defective apoptosis endow tumor cells with survival. The cell can respond to such defects with autophagy. Autophagy is a cellular process by which cytoplasmic material is either degraded to maintain homeostasis or recycled for energy and nutrients in starvation. A plethora of evidence has shown that the role of autophagy in tumors is complex. A lot of effort is needed to underline the functional status of autophagy in tumor progression and treatment, and elucidate how to tweak autophagy to treat cancer. Furthermore, during the treatment of cancer, the limitation for the cure rate and survival is the phenomenon of multi drug resistance (MDR). The development of MDR is an intricate process that could be regulated by drug transporters, enzymes, anti-apoptotic genes or DNA repair mechanisms. Reports have shown that autophagy has a dual role in MDR. Furthermore, it has been reported that activation of a death pathway may overcome MDR, thus pointing the importance of other death pathways to regulate tumor cell progression and growth. Therefore, in this review we will discuss the role of autophagy in MDR tumors and a possible link amongst these phenomena.