Astrocyte and Neuronal Plasticity in the Somatosensory System.
Astrocyte and Neuronal Plasticity in the Somatosensory System.
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DOI：
10.1155/2015/732014
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Glazewski S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sims RE;Butcher JB;Parri HR;Glazewski S
改变啮齿动物鼻子上的须补体可以导致桶状皮层神经元中两种形式的经验依赖可塑性（EDP），在桶状皮层中，须在体位上表现出来。一种形式，被称为编码可塑性，涉及突触传递和神经元之间连接的变化。这被认为是学习和记忆过程的基础，因此适应不断变化的环境。第二种称为稳态可塑性，用于维持神经元活动的有限动态范围，从而防止其饱和或完全下调。目前的皮质EDP解释模型几乎完全是神经中心的。然而，近年来，越来越多的证据表明星形胶质细胞在脑功能中的作用，包括可塑性。事实上，星形胶质细胞是神经元编码和稳态可塑性机制的核心，是神经元的必要伙伴。除了神经元的可塑性外，最近还发现了几种不同形式的星形细胞可塑性。它们从受体表达的变化和形态学的动态变化延伸到胶质递质释放的改变。然而，星形细胞可塑性对神经元EDP的影响尚不清楚。在此，我们回顾了星形胶质细胞在桶状皮质中的已知和可能的作用，包括其可塑性。
Changing the whisker complement on a rodent's snout can lead to two forms of experience-dependent plasticity (EDP) in the neurons of the barrel cortex, where whiskers are somatotopically represented. One form, termed coding plasticity, concerns changes in synaptic transmission and connectivity between neurons. This is thought to underlie learning and memory processes and so adaptation to a changing environment. The second, called homeostatic plasticity, serves to maintain a restricted dynamic range of neuronal activity thus preventing its saturation or total downregulation. Current explanatory models of cortical EDP are almost exclusively neurocentric. However, in recent years, increasing evidence has emerged on the role of astrocytes in brain function, including plasticity. Indeed, astrocytes appear as necessary partners of neurons at the core of the mechanisms of coding and homeostatic plasticity recorded in neurons. In addition to neuronal plasticity, several different forms of astrocytic plasticity have recently been discovered. They extend from changes in receptor expression and dynamic changes in morphology to alteration in gliotransmitter release. It is however unclear how astrocytic plasticity contributes to the neuronal EDP. Here, we review the known and possible roles for astrocytes in the barrel cortex, including its plasticity.