The Relationship between Urban Green Space and Urban Expansion Based on Gravity Methods
The Relationship between Urban Green Space and Urban Expansion Based on Gravity Methods
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DOI：
10.3390/su14095396
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发表时间：
2022-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Qizhen Li;S. Thapa;Xijun Hu;Ziwei Luo;D. Gibson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qizhen Li;S. Thapa;Xijun Hu;Ziwei Luo;D. Gibson
城市绿色空间是城市生态系统的重要组成部分，包括公园、田野、林地和其他半自然区域。确定城市绿色空间与城市蔓延之间的关系对于理解城市化和城市生态系统服务的提供是必要的。据推测，城市的中心（即，随着时间的推移，快速发展的城市中的人口和经济）区域将向城市绿色空间迁移。为了验证这一假设，在中国和美国的五个高速增长的城市中，对城市扩张和城市绿色空间扩张进行了研究。这些城市2000年至2017年的陆地卫星图像与年度人口和经济数据相结合，用于量化城市绿色空间的范围和迁移。这些数据进行了分析，使用重心的方法由Grether和Mathys和圆形统计，以确定城市绿色空间和城市扩展之间的关系。10个城市中有8个呈现出不同的模式，即，人口和经济中心向与城市绿色空间不同的方向移动。美国城市绿色空间平均中心的移动比中国城市的一致性更强。18年来，10个城市的城市绿色空间移动与城市扩展呈现同步增长的趋势，但城市绿色空间在城市中所占的比例有所下降。城市扩张速度超过了人口增长速度，导致城市不合理扩张的问题，这可能会在未来耗尽生态系统服务的提供。总之，导致人口和经济中心远离绿色空间的城市绿色空间的离心力在城市变化中发挥的作用大于将这些中心拉向城市绿色空间的向心力。
Urban green space, comprising parks, fields, woodlands, and other semi-natural areas, is a fundamental component of urban ecosystems. The determination of the relationship between urban green space and urban sprawl is necessary to understand urbanization and the provision of urban ecosystem services. It has been hypothesized that the center of urban (i.e., population and economic) areas in fast-growing cities would migrate toward urban green space over time. To test this hypothesis, urban expansion and urban green space expansion were examined in five cities in China and five cities in the U.S. that were experiencing high rates of growth. Landsat images of those cities from 2000 to 2017 were combined with annual population and economic data and used to quantify the extent and migration of the urban green space. These data were analyzed using the center of gravity method by Grether and Mathys and circular statistics were used to determine the relationship between urban green space and urban expansion. Eight out of the ten cities showed a divergent pattern, i.e., the population and economic centers moved in a different direction to that of the urban green space. The movement of the mean centers of the urban green spaces in the U.S. cities was more consistent than that of the Chinese cities. Over 18 years, the movement of urban green space and urban expansion in the 10 cities showed a synchronous growth trend; however, the proportion of urban green space in the cities decreased. The urban expansion rate exceeded the population growth rate, which led to problems with an unreasonable urban sprawl that is likely to deplete the provision of ecosystem services in the future. In conclusion, the centrifugal forces of urban green space that lead to the movement of population and economic centers away from green spaces play a larger role in urban change than the centripetal forces that pull these centers toward urban green space.