Input by Indian rivers into the world oceans
Input by Indian rivers into the world oceans
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印度河流入世界海洋
DOI：
10.1007/bf03182097
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发表时间：
1978
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
V. Subramanian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Subramanian
计算了印度主要河流--恒河、雅鲁藏布江、印度河(杰勒姆)、哥达瓦里、克里希纳、纳尔马达、塔普提、马纳迪和考弗里的化学物质、泥沙和总负荷量，部分是根据新的数据，部分是根据现有的数据。印度的所有河流都输送了大量的化学物质，对于全球传质计算来说，这些都不能也不应该被忽视。季风期间的化学传质并不令人惊讶地小，因为过量排放和稀释控制径流是可以预期的。来自非喜马拉雅河流的泥沙质量转移都在相同的量级范围内，所占比例不到恒河的十分之一，但在季风期间，除考弗里之外，所有印度河流的泥沙负荷都超过1000ppm。印度次大陆的总物质转移占全球物质转移的6.5%，除恒河和雅鲁藏布江外，所有印度盆地的侵蚀速率都是相似的，与它们的大小无关，这些速率与大陆地球的平均速率是一致的。恒河-雅鲁藏布江盆地的侵蚀速率是大陆地球上最高的。根据印度次大陆的平均剥蚀速度，这块陆地的平均海拔将是500万年后今天的平均海平面。孟加拉湾2.1 cm/100年的平均剥蚀速率与计算的2.1 cm/100年的平均沉积速率不同，这表明需要一个准确的大陆侵蚀速率来确定海洋的沉积速率。在全球范围内，化学物质和沉积物的传质速率似乎呈对数线性关系，而北美的情况则是负对数趋势。
The chemical, sediment and total load carried by the major river basins in India—Ganges, Brahmaputra, Indus (Jhelum), Godavari, Krishna, Narmada, Tapti, Mahnadi and Cauvery have been calculated, based partly on new set of data and partly on existing data. There is a significant amount of chemical load transported by all the Indian rivers, and for global mass transfer calculation, these cannot and should not be ignored. The chemical mass transfer during the monsoon is not surprisingly small, as would be expected for excess discharge and dilution controlled run-off. The sediment mass transfer from non-Himalyan rivers, all within the same range of magnitude, accounts for less than a tenth of that of the Ganges but during the monsoon, except for Cauvery, all the Indian rivers carry a sediment load of greater than 1000 ppm. The total mass transfer from the Indian subcontinent accounts for 6·5 per cent of the global transfer.Except for the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, the erosion rates are similar for all Indian basins, independent of their size and these rates are agreeable with the continental earth average. The Ganges-Brahmaputra basin erosion rates are highest on the continental earth. Based on the average rate of denudation of the Indian subcontinent, the mean elevation of this landmass will be that of the present day mean sea level in 5 million years from now. The average denudation rate of 2·1 cm/100 years is different from the calculated average sedimentation rate of 2·1 cm/100 years is different from the calculated average sedimentation rate of 6·7 cm/100 years in the Bay of Bengal suggesting that an accurate erosion rate in the continent is needed to determine sedimentation rate in the oceans.The chemical and sediment mass transfer rates appear to have a logarithmic linear relationship on a global scale, as against the reported negative logarithmic trend for North America alone.