Epigenetic regulation during the differentiation of stem cells to germ cells.
Epigenetic regulation during the differentiation of stem cells to germ cells.
复制标题
干细胞分化为生殖细胞过程中的表观遗传调控
DOI：
10.18632/oncotarget.18444
复制
发表时间：
2017-08-22
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shen W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun YC;Wang YY;Ge W;Cheng SF;Dyce PW;Shen W
配子发生是确保遗传信息从一代传递到下一代的重要过程。它还提供了一种基因进化发生的机制。虽然生物体内原始生殖细胞（PGCs）的基因组与体细胞完全相同，但它们的发育存在显著差异。例如，PGCs最终经历减数分裂成为功能单倍体配子，在此之前，它们经历了表观遗传印记，这极大地改变了它们的遗传调控。PGCs的表观遗传印迹涉及在精子和卵母细胞形成过程中DNA甲基化的消除和重建。这些过程在配子体发生过程中是必要和重要的。此外，组蛋白修饰和x染色体失活在生殖细胞发育过程中也起着重要作用。最近，一些研究报道了在体内或体外都可以从干细胞中获得功能性精子或卵母细胞。为了产生功能性生殖细胞，干细胞诱导生殖细胞必须重复这些过程，类似于内源性生殖细胞，如表观遗传修饰。本文综述了生殖细胞发育过程中的表观遗传调控及其在干细胞向生殖细胞分化过程中的重要作用。
Gametogenesis is an essential process to ensure the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next. It also provides a mechanism by which genetic evolution can take place. Although the genome of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is exactly the same with somatic cells within an organism, there are significant differences between their developments. For example, PGCs eventually undergo meiosis to become functional haploid gametes, and prior to that they undergo epigenetic imprinting which greatly alter their genetic regulation. Epigenetic imprinting of PGCs involves the erasure of DNA methylation and the reestablishment of them during sperm and oocyte formation. These processes are necessary and important during gametogenesis. Also, histone modification and X-chromosome inactivation have important roles during germ cell development. Recently, several studies have reported that functional sperm or oocytes can be derived from stem cells in vivo or in vitro. To produce functional germ cells, induction of germ cells from stem cells must recapitulate these processes similar to endogenous germ cells, such as epigenetic modifications. This review focuses on the epigenetic regulation during the process of germ cell development and discusses their importance during the differentiation from stem cells to germ cells.