Late cortical tracking of ignored speech facilitates neural selectivity in acoustically challenging conditions
Late cortical tracking of ignored speech facilitates neural selectivity in acoustically challenging conditions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.057
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Obleser, Jonas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fiedler, Lorenz;Woestmann, Malte;Obleser, Jonas
听力需要对输入的声音混合物进行选择性的神经处理，这在人类的听觉皮层中被一个令人惊讶的清晰的只关注语音的表示所证明。即使在负信噪比（SNR）下，这种神经选择性是如何实现的仍然不清楚。我们表明，在这种条件下，一个晚皮层代表（即，被忽略的声学信号的神经跟踪）是成功分离注意和分心的讲话者的关键（即，神经选择性）。我们记录并模拟了18名参与者的脑电图反应，这些参与者参加了两个同时呈现的故事之一，而两个谈话者之间的SNR在+6 dB和+6 dB之间动态变化。神经跟踪显示出越来越早到晚的注意偏向选择性。重要的是，声学主导（即，被忽视的谈话者通过额顶叶区域的后期参与进行神经跟踪，这有助于增强神经选择性。这种神经选择性，通过代表被忽略的说话者，提出了一个机械神经帐户的注意力在现实生活中的声学条件。
Listening requires selective neural processing of the incoming sound mixture, which in humans is borne out by a surprisingly clean representation of attended-only speech in auditory cortex. How this neural selectivity is achieved even at negative signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) remains unclear. We show that, under such conditions, a late cortical representation (i.e., neural tracking) of the ignored acoustic signal is key to successful separation of attended and distracting talkers (i.e., neural selectivity). We recorded and modeled the electroencephalographic response of 18 participants who attended to one of two simultaneously presented stories, while the SNR between the two talkers varied dynamically between +6 and +6 dB. The neural tracking showed an increasing early-to-late attention-biased selectivity. Importantly, acoustically dominant (i.e., louder) ignored talkers were tracked neurally by late involvement of fronto-parietal regions, which contributed to enhanced neural selectivity. This neural selectivity, by way of representing the ignored talker, poses a mechanistic neural account of attention under real-life acoustic conditions.