A first look at IPv4 transfer markets
A first look at IPv4 transfer markets
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IPv4 传输市场初探
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Claffy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ioana Livadariu;A. Elmokashfi;A. Dhamdhere;K. Claffy
2011年2月，互联网号码管理局（IANA）耗尽了其免费的IPv4地址池，区域注册机构（RIR）也开始耗尽IPv4地址。由于RIR已经开始配给分配，IPv4转移市场已经成为获取IPv4地址的新机制。除了一些引人注目的例外，IPv4传输在很大程度上都在雷达下飞行。在这项工作中，我们使用三个RIR发布的转移列表来描述转移市场-所涉及的玩家类型，转移地址块的大小和特性，以及转移之前和之后路由表中转移地址块的可见性。接下来，我们使用2004-2013年Routeviews和RIPE存储库中的BGP数据来检测地址传输。我们确定了前缀来源的合法更改可能被错误地推断为传输的原因，并实现了一系列10个过滤器，删除了86%的候选传输。我们的研究结果表明，BGP为基础的检测传输是容易误报，由于BGP数据中的显着噪声，而一些传输仍然无法检测到，因为它们涉及非BGP扬声器。我们描述了一些额外的数据源和分析技术，可能有助于揭示IPv4地址块传输的不透明市场。
In February 2011 the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) exhausted its free pool of IPv4 addresses, and the regional registries (RIRs) have started to run out of IPv4 addresses as well. As RIRs have started rationing allocations, IPv4 transfer markets have emerged as a new mechanism to acquire IPv4 addresses. Barring a few high-profile exceptions, IPv4 transfers have largely flown under the radar. In this work, we use the lists of transfers published by three RIRs to characterise the transfer market - the types of players involved, the sizes and characteristics of transferred address blocks, and the visibility of transferred address blocks in the routing table before and after the transfer. Next, we take first steps toward detecting address transfers using BGP data from the Routeviews and RIPE repositories from 2004-2013. We identify reasons why legitimate changes in prefix origin could be mistakenly inferred to be transfers, and implement a series of 10 filters that remove 86% of candidate transfers. Our results indicate that BGP-based detection of transfers is prone to false positives due to significant noise in BGP data, while some transfers remain undetectable as they involve non-BGP speakers. We describe some additional data sources and analysis techniques that may help reveal an opaque market for IPv4 address block transfers.