Immunological aspects of age-related diseases.
Immunological aspects of age-related diseases.
复制标题
DOI：
10.4331/wjbc.v8.i2.129
复制
发表时间：
2017-05-26
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hasegawa T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Isobe KI;Nishio N;Hasegawa T
在发达国家，老年人的比例在上升。老年人对感染性疾病的易感性增加是由免疫功能障碍，特别是T细胞功能下降引起的。造血干细胞从淋巴系向髓系分化。胸腺在生命早期萎缩，随后是幼稚T细胞的下降。T细胞受体库多样性随着年龄的增长而下降，这是由巨细胞病毒驱动的T细胞克隆扩增引起的。B细胞的功能衰退导致抗体亲和力随年龄增长而下降。许多效应器功能，包括骨髓细胞的吞噬作用，是由老化下调。骨髓细胞老化的研究有一些有争议的结果。尽管M1巨噬细胞已被证明在老年时被抗炎（M2）巨噬细胞取代，但许多人体研究表明促炎细胞因子在老年人中升高。为了解决这一矛盾，我们将年龄相关的病理变化分为两类。一个是免疫细胞本身的老化。第二是免疫细胞参与与年龄相关的病理变化。衰老组织中的细胞衰老和受损细胞招募促炎性M1巨噬细胞，其产生促炎性细胞因子并进行与年龄相关的疾病。基础的生化和代谢研究将开启营养治疗。
The proportion of elderly people rises in the developed countries. The increased susceptibility of the elderly to infectious diseases is caused by immune dysfunction, especially T cell functional decline. Age-related hematopoietic stem cells deviate from lymphoid lineage to myeloid lineage. Thymus shrinks early in life, which is followed by the decline of naïve T cells. T-cell receptor repertoire diversity declines by aging, which is caused by cytomegalovirus-driven T cell clonal expansion. Functional decline of B cell induces antibody affinity declines by aging. Many effector functions including phagocytosis of myeloid cells are down regulated by aging. The studies of aging of myeloid cells have some controversial results. Although M1 macrophages have been shown to be replaced by anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages by advanced age, many human studies showed that pro-inflammatory cytokines are elevated in older human. To solve this discrepancy here we divide age-related pathological changes into two categories. One is an aging of immune cell itself. Second is involvement of immune cells to age-related pathological changes. Cellular senescence and damaged cells in aged tissue recruit pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, which produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and proceed to age-related diseases. Underlying biochemical and metabolic studies will open nutritional treatment.