Fungal Diversity in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Ecosystems
Fungal Diversity in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.00653-09
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发表时间：
2009-10-15
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Vandenkoornhuyse, Philippe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Le Calvez, Thomas;Burgaud, Gaetan;Vandenkoornhuyse, Philippe
深海热液生态系统被认为是海洋生命的绿洲。自20世纪70年代后期发现这些生态系统以来，许多特有的细菌、古细菌和其他生物，如环节动物和螃蟹，都被描述了出来。关于这些生态系统中（微生物）生物的多样性已经获得了相当多的知识，但真菌的多样性迄今尚未得到研究。这些生物被认为是陆地生态系统中的关键生物，因为它们具有生态功能，特别是它们降解有机物的能力。对海洋中真菌缺乏了解反映了人们普遍认为真菌是陆生生物。该研究首次获得了深海热液环境中此类生物的清单。利用热液样品和培养标本的DNA提取物，通过分析培养非依赖性PCR扩增的小亚基rRNA基因序列，研究真菌多样性。我们的工作揭示了五种真菌门类中有三种的物种多样性。我们发现了壶菌科的一个新分支，形成了一个古老的进化谱系。许多已确定的物种是未知的，甚至在壶菌门，子囊菌门和担子菌门的较高分类水平上也是如此。这项工作为海洋真菌的多样性、生态学和生理学的新研究开辟了道路，并可能刺激生物分子的新勘探。从进化的角度来看，海洋中真菌的多样化不能再被忽视。
Deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystems are considered oases of life in oceans. Since the discovery of these ecosystems in the late 1970s, many endemic species of Bacteria, Archaea, and other organisms, such as annelids and crabs, have been described. Considerable knowledge has been acquired about the diversity of (micro) organisms in these ecosystems, but the diversity of fungi has not been studied to date. These organisms are considered key organisms in terrestrial ecosystems because of their ecological functions and especially their ability to degrade organic matter. The lack of knowledge about them in the sea reflects the widely held belief that fungi are terrestrial organisms. The first inventory of such organisms in deep-sea hydrothermal environments was obtained in this study. Fungal diversity was investigated by analyzing the small-subunit rRNA gene sequences amplified by culture-independent PCR using DNA extracts from hydrothermal samples and from a culture collection that was established. Our work revealed an unsuspected diversity of species in three of the five fungal phyla. We found a new branch of Chytridiomycota forming an ancient evolutionary lineage. Many of the species identified are unknown, even at higher taxonomic levels in the Chytridiomycota, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. This work opens the way to new studies of the diversity, ecology, and physiology of fungi in oceans and might stimulate new prospecting for biomolecules. From an evolutionary point of view, the diversification of fungi in the oceans can no longer be ignored.