When being included is being excluded: A note on complement set focus and the inclusion relation
When being included is being excluded: A note on complement set focus and the inclusion relation
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当被包含就是被排除：关于补集焦点和包含关系的注释
作者：
A. Sanford;C. Williams;N. Fay
一些负量词导致的代词参考模式与使用正量词获得的代词参考模式不同（Moxey & Sanford，1993）。这被解释为意味着否定引起对补集的关注（Moxey & Sanford，1987）；因此，鉴于很少有孩子喜欢这次旅行，重点是那些不喜欢这次旅行的孩子。迄今为止，这种解释依赖于对照应复数代词所指的集合的主观判断，允许话语语义学家对数据给出其他解释。在两项研究中，我们使用与表达相关的依恋模式，从而规避了判断问题。我们表明，像没有多少人喜欢比赛（包括约翰）这样的情况导致了一种表示，其中约翰映射到不喜欢比赛的个人集合。我们测试并支持早期的主张，即补集焦点是由与某些负面量词相关的否认驱动的。
Some negative quantifiers lead to pronominal reference patterns that are different from those obtained with positive quantifiers (Moxey & Sanford, 1993). This has been interpreted as meaning that the negatives give rise to a focus on the complement set (Moxey & Sanford, 1987); so, givenfew of the children enjoyed the trip, focus is on those who did not enjoy the trip. To date, this interpretation has depended on subjective judgments as to which set an anaphoric plural pronoun is referring to, allowing other interpretations of the data to be given by discourse semanticists. In two studies, we use the attachment patterns associated with the expressionincluding, thereby circumventing the judgment problem. We show that a case likenot many people enjoyed the race, including John leads to a representation in whichJohn maps into the set of individuals who did not enjoy the race. We test and support the earlier claim that complement set focus is driven by denials associated with some negative quantifiers.