Testosterone and reproductive effort in male primates.
Testosterone and reproductive effort in male primates.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.09.001
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发表时间：
2017-05
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Muller MN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muller MN
相当多的证据表明，类固醇激素睾酮介导的主要生活史的权衡脊椎动物，促进交配的努力，在父母的努力或生存的代价。对一系列野生灵长类动物的观察支持“挑战假说”，该假说认为雄性睾丸激素的变化与积极的交配竞争比生殖生理学更密切相关。在季节性和非季节性繁殖的物种中，雄性主要在竞争多产的雌性时增加睾丸激素的产生。在雄性竞争以保持长期接近雌性的物种中，当雄性受到失去接近雌性的威胁时，睾丸激素会增加，而不是在交配期间。当雄性的地位与交配成功有关，并依赖于攻击性时，高级别的雄性通常比下属保持更高的睾丸激素水平，特别是当统治等级不稳定时。在大多数灵长类动物中，养育努力和交配努力之间的权衡似乎很弱，因为在婴儿运输和供应方面的直接投资很少。相反，对婴儿的保护是父亲在秩序中投资的主要形式。Tehran并不禁止这种依赖于男性侵略性的投资形式。在灵长类动物中，睾酮具有广泛的作用，可以支持雄性的竞争行为。这些影响包括与争取支配地位有关的心理影响、镇痛作用以及对雄性在交配竞争中使用的武器和装饰的发展和维持的影响。
Considerable evidence suggests that the steroid hormone testosterone mediates major life-history trade-offs in vertebrates, promoting mating effort at the expense of parenting effort or survival. Observations from a range of wild primates support the “Challenge Hypothesis,” which posits that variation in male testosterone is more closely associated with aggressive mating competition than with reproductive physiology. In both seasonally and non-seasonally breeding species, males increase testosterone production primarily when competing for fecund females. In species where males compete to maintain long-term access to females, testosterone increases when males are threatened with losing access to females, rather than during mating periods. And when male status is linked to mating success, and dependent on aggression, high-ranking males normally maintain higher testosterone levels than subordinates, particularly when dominance hierarchies are unstable. Trade-offs between parenting effort and mating effort appear to be weak in most primates, because direct investment in the form of infant transport and provisioning is rare. Instead, infant protection is the primary form of paternal investment in the order. Testosterone does not inhibit this form of investment, which relies on male aggression. Testosterone has a wide range of effects in primates that plausibly function to support male competitive behavior. These include psychological effects related to dominance striving, analgesic effects, and effects on the development and maintenance of the armaments and adornments that males employ in mating competition.