Vitamin D and sunlight: Strategies for cancer prevention and other health benefits
Vitamin D and sunlight: Strategies for cancer prevention and other health benefits
复制标题
DOI：
10.2215/cjn.01350308
复制
发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Holick, Michael F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holick, Michael F.
维生素D缺乏是一个世界性的健康问题。对大多数人来说，维生素D的主要来源是暴露在阳光下。影响皮肤维生素D产生的因素包括防晒霜的使用、皮肤色素沉着、一天中的时间、一年中的季节、纬度和衰老。血清25-羟基维生素D[25(OH)D]是衡量维生素D状态的指标。总共100IU的维生素D会使血液中25(OH)D的水平增加1 ng/ml。因此，在阳光照射下没有获得足够维生素D的儿童和成年人需要至少1000IU/d的维生素D。缺乏阳光暴露和维生素D缺乏与许多严重的慢性疾病有关，包括自身免疫性疾病、传染病、心血管疾病和致命的癌症。据估计，通过将维生素D摄入量增加到至少1000IU/d，或者增加阳光曝晒以提高血液中25(OH)D>；30 ng/ml的水平，患结直肠癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌的风险可以降低30%到50%。人体大多数组织都有维生素D受体。维生素D的活性形式1，25-二羟基维生素D存在于许多不同的组织中，包括结肠、前列腺和乳房。人们认为1，25(OH)(2)D的局部产生可能是维生素D抗癌益处的原因。最近的研究表明，缺乏维生素D的女性有253%的维生素D缺乏。患结直肠癌的风险增加，每天摄入1500毫克钙和1100IU/d维生素D的女性4年内患癌症的风险降低60%。
Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem. The major source of vitamin D for most humans is sensible sun exposure. Factors that influence cutaneous vitamin D production include sunscreen use, skin pigmentation, time of day, season of the year, latitude, and aging. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is the measure for vitamin D status. A total of 100 IU of vitamin D raises blood level of 25(OH)D by 1 ng/ml. Thus, children and adults who do not receive adequate vitamin D from sun exposure need at least 1000 IU/d vitamin D. Lack of sun exposure and vitamin D deficiency have been linked to many serious chronic diseases, including autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disease, and deadly cancers. It is estimated that there is a 30 to 50%, reduction in risk for developing colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer by either increasing vitamin D intake to least 1000 IU/d vitamin D or increasing sun exposure to raise blood levels of 25(OH)D >30 ng/ml. Most tissues in the body have a vitamin D receptor. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, is made in many different tissues, including colon, prostate, and breast. It is believed that the local production of 1,25(OH)(2)D may be responsible for the anticancer benefit of vitamin D. Recent studies suggested that women who are vitamin D deficient have a 253%. increased risk for developing colorectal cancer, and women who ingested 1500 mg/d calcium and 1100 IU/d vitamin D, for 4 yr reduced risk for developing cancer by >60%.