Does Stress Result in You Exercising Less? Or Does Exercising Result in You Being Less Stressed? Or Is It Both? Testing the Bi-directional Stress-Exercise Association at the Group and Person (N of 1) Level
Does Stress Result in You Exercising Less? Or Does Exercising Result in You Being Less Stressed? Or Is It Both? Testing the Bi-directional Stress-Exercise Association at the Group and Person (N of 1) Level
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DOI：
10.1007/s12160-017-9902-4
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发表时间：
2017-12-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Davidson, Karina W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Burg, Matthew M.;Schwartz, Joseph E.;Davidson, Karina W.
心理社会压力导致心脏病的部分原因是对健康行为的维持产生不利影响，而锻炼可以减轻压力。由于缺乏实时数据以及理论和统计模型，评估压力和锻炼之间的双向关系一直受到限制。这种缺乏可能会阻碍促进运动维持的努力。我们使用普通人的实时数据和这种关系中的变异性-个体差异-来测试压力和运动之间的双向关系。一项观察性研究在单一队列随机对照实验中进行。79名仅报告间歇性运动的健康年轻人完成了12个月的应激监测，通过生态瞬时评估(开始、结束和白天)和Fitbit的持续活动监测。用随机系数线性混合模型预测当天运动的发生/未发生，用Logistic混合模型从预期应激等级预测运动的发生/未发生。对每个参与者也进行了单独的回归分析。敏感性分析测试了所有模型，仅限于观察的前180天(随机前)。我们发现运动对压力和压力对运动的平均反向(即负)影响。人与人之间存在显著的可变性。在N=69人中，锻炼与15人的压力减轻有关，2人的压力增加，其余的没有变化。我们还发现，前一天晚上或当天早上报告的预期压力增加与当天锻炼几率显著降低20%-22%(OR=0.78-0.80)相关。在N=69人中，这种压力的增加降低了17人锻炼的可能性，增加了1人的几率，对其余的人没有影响。我们无法确定缓和这些影响的个体差异的心理社会因素。压力与锻炼的关系可以是单向的，也可以是双向的，因人而异。一种精确的医学方法可能会提高运动摄入量。
Psychosocial stress contributes to heart disease in part by adversely affecting maintenance of health behaviors, while exercise can reduce stress. Assessing the bi-directional relationship between stress and exercise has been limited by lack of real-time data and theoretical and statistical models. This lack may hinder efforts to promote exercise maintenance.We test the bi-directional relationship between stress and exercise using real-time data for the average person and the variability-individual differences-in this relationship.An observational study was conducted within a single cohort randomized controlled experiment. Healthy young adults, (n = 79) who reported only intermittent exercise, completed 12 months of stress monitoring by ecological momentary assessment (at the beginning of, end of, and during the day) and continuous activity monitoring by Fitbit. A random coefficients linear mixed model was used to predict end-of-day stress from the occurrence/non-occurrence of exercise that day; a logistic mixed model was used to predict the occurrence/non-occurrence of exercise from ratings of anticipated stress. Separate regression analyses were also performed for each participant. Sensitivity analysis tested all models, restricted to the first 180 days of observation (prior to randomization).We found a significant average inverse (i.e., negative) effect of exercise on stress and of stress on exercise. There was significant between-person variability. Of N = 69, exercise was associated with a stress reduction for 15, a stress increase for 2, and no change for the remainder. We also found that an increase in anticipated stress reported the previous night or that morning was associated with a significant 20-22% decrease (OR = 0.78-0.80) in the odds of exercising that day. Of N = 69, this increase in stress reduced the likelihood of exercise for 17, increased the odds for 1, and had no effect for the remainder. We were unable to identify psychosocial factors that moderate the individual differences in these effects.The relationship of stress to exercise can be uni- or bi-directional and varies from person to person. A precision medicine approach may improve exercise uptake.