What controls attention in natural environments?
What controls attention in natural environments?
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DOI：
10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00199-7
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发表时间：
2001-11
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
H. Shinoda;M. Hayhoe;Anurag Shrivastava
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Shinoda;M. Hayhoe;Anurag Shrivastava
在自然任务的表现中揭示的高度任务特异性的固定模式表明视觉的基本活性，并表明在许多情况下，自上而下的过程可能是视觉信息获取的一个主要因素。要理解自上而下的视觉系统是如何工作的，就需要理解在适当的时候控制不同任务特定计算的启动的机制。这在动态环境中特别困难，例如驾驶，其中视觉输入的许多方面可能是不可预测的。因此，我们研究了驾驶员在虚拟环境中检测停止标志的能力，当这些标志在有限的时间内可见时。检测性能受到指令和本地视觉上下文的严重调制。这表明，可见性的迹象，需要积极的搜索，这种搜索的频率是由学习知识的概率结构的环境。
The highly task-specific fixation patterns revealed in performance of natural tasks demonstrate the fundamentally active nature of vision, and suggest that in many situations, top-down processes may be a major factor in the acquisition of visual information. Understanding how a top-down visual system could function requires understanding the mechanisms that control the initiation of the different task-specific computations at the appropriate time. This is particularly difficult in dynamic environments, like driving, where many aspects of the visual input may be unpredictable. We therefore examined drivers' abilities to detect Stop signs in a virtual environment when the signs were visible for restricted periods of time. Detection performance is heavily modulated both by the instructions and the local visual context. This suggests that visibility of the signs requires active search, and that the frequency of this search is influenced by learnt knowledge of the probabilistic structure of the environment.