The Grammar of Measurement
The Grammar of Measurement
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测量语法
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Schwarzschild
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文献类型：
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作者：
R. Schwarzschild
“2升油”这句话是假的。它包括一个测量短语，2升，以及一个实体，表明测量的是哪种物质。我可以用2升油来谈论体积是2升的油。假设我想谈论的是温度为90度的石油。我应该可以说*90度的石油，但我不能。相反，我必须说90度的石油。Of的缺失表明这不是一个伪表现性。程度上没有数字标记表明它是名词性复合词。是什么使90度左右的温度阻止了它在假词中的使用，但却允许它合成呢？太多的黄金也是一种虚假的行为，出于这里不相关的原因，这是不必要的。帕森斯(1970)观察到，这样的表述对于黄金是如何测量的是模棱两可的。它可能是重量太多的黄金，也可能是体积太多的黄金。但如果它可以指太重的黄金或体积过大的黄金，为什么不能指太暗的黄金？“你在戒指里放了太多的黄金，”我会对珠宝商说，意思是戒指上的黄金比我想要的要深。但我不能以这种方式使用太多的黄金，这并不是因为太多的黄金无法量化黑暗的程度，因为这正是当我说“黄金比我预期的要暗得多”时它似乎会做的事情。英寸和英尺是测量各种尺寸的合适单位。然而，虽然我可以用一英尺长的电缆来谈论长度，但如果我关心电缆的直径，为什么我一定要说四分之一英寸电缆，同样使用了一个复合体，它没有-，也没有数字标记，而且不确定的冠词在季度之前被省略了？如果两英尺长的电缆
The phrase 2 liters of oil is a pseudopartitive. It includes a measure phrase, 2 liters, and a substantive indicating what kind of substance is measured. I can use 2 liters of oil to talk about oil whose volume is 2 liters. Suppose I wanted instead to talk about oil whose temperature was 90 degrees. I should be able to say *90 degrees of oil, but I can’t. Instead, I have to say 90-degree oil. The absence of of indicates that this is not a pseudopartitive. The absence of number marking on degree suggests that it is a nominal compound. What is it about 90 degrees that prevents its use in pseudopartitives but allows it compounds? too much gold is also a pseudopartitive, which, for reasons not relevant here, needs no of. Parsons(1970) observed that expressions like these are ambiguous about how the gold is being measured. It could be too much gold by weight or too much by volume. But if it can mean gold which is too heavy or gold whose volume is excessive, why can’t it mean gold which is too dark? “You put too much gold in the ring,” I would say to the jeweler, to mean that the gold in the ring is darker than I wanted. But I can’t use too much gold in that way, and it isn’t because much is unable to quantify over degrees of darkness, for that is just what it seems to do when I say “the gold is much darker than I had expected.” Inches and feet are appropriate units for measurements taken in various dimensions. Nevertheless, while I can use a foot of cable to speak of length, if I’m concerned with the diameter of the cable, why must I say quarter inch cable, again employing a compound, which is of-less and devoid of number marking, and where the indefinite article is omitted before quarter? And if 2 feet of cable