The repeatability of cognitive performance: a meta-analysis
The repeatability of cognitive performance: a meta-analysis
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2017.0281
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发表时间：
2018-09-26
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Morand-Ferron, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cauchoix, M.;Chow, P. K. Y.;Morand-Ferron, J.
行为和认知过程在调节个体与其环境的相互作用中发挥着重要作用。然而，虽然有大量关于行为上可重复的个体差异的文献，但人们对认知表现的可重复性知之甚少。为了进一步了解认知的进化，我们收集了 44 项关于 6 个动物类别 25 个物种的个体表现的研究，并使用荟萃分析来评估认知表现是否可重复。我们比较了以下表现的重复性 (R)：(1) 在不同时间呈现的同一任务（时间重复性），以及 (2) 测量相同假定认知能力的不同任务（情境重复性）。我们还讨论了 R 估计是否受到七个外部因素（调节因素）的影响：认知表现测量的类型、认知任务的类型、测试之间的延迟、受试者的来源、实验背景、分类类别和出版状态。我们发现认知表现的时间和情境可重复性得到支持，平均 R 估计值在 0.15 到 0.28 之间。重复性估计主要受认知表现测量类型和发表状态的影响。我们的研究结果强调了一系列分类群中广泛存在的一致的个体间认知差异，这些差异与行为一样，可能与健康结果相关。本文是主题“认知能力个体差异的原因和后果”的一部分。
Behavioural and cognitive processes play important roles in mediating an individual's interactions with its environment. Yet, while there is a vast literature on repeatable individual differences in behaviour, relatively little is known about the repeatability of cognitive performance. To further our understanding of the evolution of cognition, we gathered 44 studies on individual performance of 25 species across six animal classes and used meta-analysis to assess whether cognitive performance is repeatable. We compared repeatability (R) in performance (1) on the same task presented at different times (temporal repeatability), and (2) on different tasks that measured the same putative cognitive ability (contextual repeatability). We also addressed whether R estimates were influenced by seven extrinsic factors (moderators): type of cognitive performance measurement, type of cognitive task, delay between tests, origin of the subjects, experimental context, taxonomic class and publication status. We found support for both temporal and contextual repeatability of cognitive performance, with mean R estimates ranging between 0.15 and 0.28. Repeatability estimates were mostly influenced by the type of cognitive performance measures and publication status. Our findings highlight the widespread occurrence of consistent inter-individual variation in cognition across a range of taxa which, like behaviour, may be associated with fitness outcomes.This article is part of the theme issue 'Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities'.