Evolutionary heritage shapes tree distributions along an Amazon‐to‐Andes elevation gradient
Evolutionary heritage shapes tree distributions along an Amazon‐to‐Andes elevation gradient
复制标题
进化遗产塑造了亚马逊—安第斯山脉沿线的树木分布
DOI：
10.1111/btp.12843
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Dexter, Kyle G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Griffiths, Andy R.;Silman, Miles R.;Farfán Rios, William;Feeley, Kenneth J.;García Cabrera, Karina;Meir, Patrick;Salinas, Norma;Dexter, Kyle G.
了解进化限制如何塑造树种谱系的海拔分布，为全球变化下热带山地森林的未来提供了宝贵的见解。热带山地森林和树木海拔范围窄，分类周转率高，栖息地专门化频繁，地方性强，预计对环境变化高度敏感。利用秘鲁安第斯山脉亚马逊侧翼海拔约3,000米的坡度的样地普查数据，我们使用系统发育学方法在属水平上评估进化遗产对树木分布趋势的影响。我们发现，密切相关的谱系往往出现在相似的平均海拔，姐妹属对的平均海拔比非姐妹属对之间的平均海拔差更接近254m。我们还展示了1,750平方英里以上和1,750平方英里以下的系统发育集群，大致对应于云底交错带。与这些总体趋势不符的是，一些血统出现在许多不同的海拔上。然而，这些高度可塑性的谱系并没有在系统发育上聚集在一起。总体而言，我们的发现表明，热带山地森林拥有独特的树种多样性，受到其进化遗产的限制，在环境变化(如气温上升或云底向上移动)下容易遭受重大损失。
Understanding how evolutionary constraints shape the elevational distributions of tree lineages provides valuable insight into the future of tropical montane forests under global change. With narrow elevational ranges, high taxonomic turnover, frequent habitat specialization, and exceptional levels of endemism, tropical montane forests and trees are predicted to be highly sensitive to environmental change. Using plot census data from a gradient traversing > 3,000 m in elevation on the Amazonian flank of the Peruvian Andes, we employ phylogenetic approaches to assess the influence of evolutionary heritage on distribution trends of trees at the genus‐level. We find that closely related lineages tend to occur at similar mean elevations, with sister genera pairs occurring a mean 254 m in elevation closer to each other than the mean elevational difference between non‐sister genera pairs. We also demonstrate phylogenetic clustering both above and below 1,750 m a.s.l, corresponding roughly to the cloud‐base ecotone. Belying these general trends, some lineages occur across many different elevations. However, these highly plastic lineages are not phylogenetically clustered. Overall, our findings suggest that tropical montane forests are home to unique tree lineage diversity, constrained by their evolutionary heritage and vulnerable to substantial losses under environmental changes, such as rising temperatures or an upward shift of the cloud‐base.