Hidden Holocene Slip Along the Coastal El Yolki Fault in Central Chile and Its Possible Link With Megathrust Earthquakes

Hidden Holocene Slip Along the Coastal El Yolki Fault in Central Chile and Its Possible Link With Megathrust Earthquakes
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智利中部沿海El Yolki断层隐藏的全新世滑动及其与巨型逆冲地震的可能联系

DOI:
10.1029/2018jb017188
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
Melnick D
Melnick D
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Melnick D

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巨型逆冲地震通常伴随着上板块地震活动的增加,并且偶尔会引发断层滑动。在智利,2010 年马乌莱 (M8.8) 地震期间和之后地壳断层发生滑动。我们研究了 El Yolki 断层 (EYOF),这是一种在 2010 年未触发的 Maule 断裂中间的拉张结构。我们使用光探测和测距绘制了全新世沿海平原的地图,但没有显示地表断裂。然而,沿海岸平原的内缘和海岸线角度以及 4.3 至 4.0 ka 潮间带沉积物在 EYOF 下盘块上发生后倾,记录了 10 m 的垂直位移。这些变形的标记意味着约 2 毫米/年的投射率,而错位则模拟了 EYOF 5.6 毫米/年的滑动率。在 5 米深的海沟中,全新世潮间带沉积物重叠到五个侵蚀台阶上,被解释为由相对海平面下降的离散事件形成的阶梯波切地貌。我们暂时将这些台阶与 4.3 至 4.0 ka 之间 EYOF 地震期间的同震抬升联系起来。根据同震滑移和重力异常,马乌莱地震破裂可分为三个子段。库仑应力传递模型预测 Maule 地震期间 EYOF 处的中性应力变化,但中央分段的合成滑移分布发生正变化。如果 EYOF 地震是由大型逆冲事件引发的,那么它们的滑移分布可能集中在中央分段。我们的研究强调了地壳断层的千年变化和智利的巨型逆冲地震周期,对于评估沿俯冲带隐藏但可能引发地震的沿海断层所造成的危害具有全球意义。
Megathrust earthquakes are commonly accompanied by increased upper‐plate seismicity and occasionally triggered fault slip. In Chile, crustal faults slipped during and after the 2010 Maule (M8.8) earthquake. We studied the El Yolki fault (EYOF), a transtensional structure midways the Maule rupture not triggered in 2010. We mapped a Holocene coastal plain using light detection and ranging, which did not reveal surface ruptures. However, the inner‐edge and shoreline angles along the coastal plain as well as 4.3‐ to 4.0‐ka intertidal sediments are back‐tilted on the EYOF footwall block, documenting 10 m of vertical displacement. These deformed markers imply ~2‐mm/year throw rate, and dislocation models a slip rate of 5.6 mm/year for the EYOF. In a 5‐m‐deep trench, the Holocene intertidal sediments onlap to five erosive steps, interpreted as staircase wave‐cut landforms formed by discrete events of relative sea level drop. We tentatively associated these steps with coseismic uplift during EYOF earthquakes between 4.3 and 4.0 ka. The Maule earthquake rupture may be subdivided into three subsegments based on coseismic slip and gravity anomalies. Coulomb stress transfer models predict neutral stress changes at the EYOF during the Maule earthquake but positive changes for a synthetic slip distribution at the central subsegment. If EYOF earthquakes were triggered by megathrust events, their slip distribution was probably focused in the central subsegment. Our study highlights the millennial variability of crustal faulting and the megathrust earthquake cycle in Chile, with global implications for assessing the hazards posed by hidden but potentially seismogenic coastal faults along subduction zones.
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