Comparing infiltration rates in soils managed with conventional and alternative farming methods: A meta-analysis
Comparing infiltration rates in soils managed with conventional and alternative farming methods: A meta-analysis
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0215702
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发表时间：
2019-09-19
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
DeLonge, Marcia S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Basche, Andrea D.;DeLonge, Marcia S.
确定能够加强水循环的农业做法至关重要，特别是在降雨量变化越来越大、干旱和洪水风险越来越大的情况下。土壤渗透率为农业系统中的水循环提供了有用的见解，因为它们影响产量（通过土壤水的可用性）和其他生态系统结果（如径流污染和洪水）。例如，人们认为，使土壤裸露和易退化的传统农业做法限制了土壤快速吸收和保持作物生长所需水分的能力。此外，人们普遍认为，免耕和覆盖作物等耕作方法可以提高渗透率。尽管人们对农业做法对渗透率的影响很感兴趣，但这种影响尚未在一系列做法中得到系统的量化。为了评估传统做法如何影响渗透率相对于选择替代做法（免耕，覆盖作物，轮作，引进多年生植物，作物和牲畜系统），我们进行了一项荟萃分析，其中包括89项研究，田间试验比较至少一个这样的替代做法，以传统的管理。我们发现，引入多年生植物（草，农林复合经营，管理林业）或覆盖作物导致渗透率的最大增加（平均响应分别为59.2 +/- 20.9%和34.8 +/-7.7%）。此外，尽管免耕的总体效果不显著（5.7 +/- 9.7%），但这种做法在潮湿气候下以及与残留物保留相结合时会导致增加。轮作对渗透率的影响不显著（18.5 +/- 13.2%），评估放牧对农田影响的研究表明，这种做法降低了渗透率（-21.3 +/- 14.9%）。研究结果表明，促进地面覆盖和连续的根，这两个改善土壤结构的做法，是最有效的增加渗透率。
Identifying agricultural practices that enhance water cycling is critical, particularly with increased rainfall variability and greater risks of droughts and floods. Soil infiltration rates offer useful insights to water cycling in farming systems because they affect both yields (through soil water availability) and other ecosystem outcomes (such as pollution and flooding from runoff). For example, conventional agricultural practices that leave soils bare and vulnerable to degradation are believed to limit the capacity of soils to quickly absorb and retain water needed for crop growth. Further, it is widely assumed that farming methods such as no-till and cover crops can improve infiltration rates. Despite interest in the impacts of agricultural practices on infiltration rates, this effect has not been systematically quantified across a range of practices. To evaluate how conventional practices affect infiltration rates relative to select alternative practices (no-till, cover crops, crop rotation, introducing perennials, crop and livestock systems), we performed a meta-analysis that included 89 studies with field trials comparing at least one such alternative practice to conventional management. We found that introducing perennials (grasses, agroforestry, managed forestry) or cover crops led to the largest increases in infiltration rates (mean responses of 59.2 +/- 20.9% and 34.8 +/- 7.7%, respectively). Also, although the overall effect of no-till was non-significant (5.7 +/- 9.7%), the practice led to increases in wetter climates and when combined with residue retention. The effect of crop rotation on infiltration rate was non-significant (18.5 +/- 13.2%), and studies evaluating impacts of grazing on croplands indicated that this practice reduced infiltration rates (-21.3 +/- 14.9%). Findings suggest that practices promoting ground cover and continuous roots, both of which improve soil structure, were most effective at increasing infiltration rates.