Soil-plant-atmosphere interactions: structure, function, and predictive scaling for climate change mitigation
Soil-plant-atmosphere interactions: structure, function, and predictive scaling for climate change mitigation
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DOI：
10.1007/s11104-020-04427-1
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发表时间：
2020-02
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Lucas C. R. Silva;H. Lambers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lucas C. R. Silva;H. Lambers
背景陆地生态系统的功能依赖于发生在土壤-植物-大气界面的生物物理和生物地球化学反馈。然而，在局部尺度上运行的动态生物物理和生物地球化学过程很少与由广泛的环境限制引起的结构生态系统特性结合起来研究。因此，SPA相互作用对生态系统如何对全球环境作出反应和施加影响的影响仍然难以预测。我们回顾了最近的研究结果，将结构和功能SPA相互作用联系起来，并评估了它们在预测生态系统对长期环境压力的反应方面的潜力。具体而言，我们提出了一个定量框架，用于综合分析二氧化碳水平上升、气候变化和干扰制度下三个主要植物功能群（常绿针叶树、阔叶落叶和林下灌木）及其不同的菌根共生体。首先，我们解释了涉及植物和土壤微生物的共生和竞争策略如何影响从单个生物到景观的碳、养分和水利用的无标度模式。然后，我们重点研究了这些模式与结构特征之间的关系，如比叶面积、叶面积指数和土壤物理和化学性质，这些特征限制了根系连通性和冠层气体交换。最后，我们利用这些关系来预测生态系统结构的变化如何影响对气候稳定至关重要的过程。在新兴的生态理论和经验生物物理和生物地球化学知识的基础上，我们提出了十个解释性假设，作为一套主要的等级关系（或缩放规则），通过这些假设，局部SPA相互作用可以在空间和时间上聚集起来，为广泛的气候变化减缓工作提供信息。为此，我们提供了一系列简化复杂SPA相互作用净结果的数值公式，作为预测陆地碳、水和营养循环变化的第一步。
BackgroundIt is well established that the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems depends on biophysical and biogeochemical feedbacks occurring at the soil-plant-atmosphere (SPA) interface. However, dynamic biophysical and biogeochemical processes that operate at local scales are seldom studied in conjunction with structural ecosystem properties that arise from broad environmental constraints. As a result, the effect of SPA interactions on how ecosystems respond to, and exert influence on, the global environment remains difficult to predict.ScopeWe review recent findings that link structural and functional SPA interactions and evaluate their potential for predicting ecosystem responses to chronic environmental pressures. Specifically, we propose a quantitative framework for the integrated analysis of three major plant functional groups (evergreen conifers, broadleaf deciduous, and understory shrubs) and their distinct mycorrhizal symbionts under rising levels of carbon dioxide, changing climate, and disturbance regime. First, we explain how symbiotic and competitive strategies involving plants and soil microorganisms influence scale-free patterns of carbon, nutrient, and water use from individual organisms to landscapes. We then focus on the relationship between those patterns and structural traits such as specific leaf area, leaf area index, and soil physical and chemical properties that constrain root connectivity and canopy gas exchange. Finally, we use those relationships to predict how changes in ecosystem structure may affect processes that are important for climate stability.ConclusionsOn the basis of emerging ecological theory and empirical biophysical and biogeochemical knowledge, we propose ten interpretive hypotheses that serve as a primary set of hierarchical relationships (or scaling rules), by which local SPA interactions can be spatially and temporally aggregated to inform broad climate change mitigation efforts. To this end, we provide a series of numerical formulations that simplify the net outcome of complex SPA interactions as a first step towards anticipating shifts in terrestrial carbon, water, and nutrient cycles.