Asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in biomembranes
Asymmetric distribution of phospholipids in biomembranes
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DOI：
10.1248/bpb.29.1547
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Tsujimoto, Masafumi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yamaji-Hasegawa, Akiko;Tsujimoto, Masafumi
在真核细胞中，生物膜的特征是膜脂的不均匀分布，垂直和横向都是如此。垂直非随机分布的范例是质膜，磷脂酰胆碱（PC）、鞘磷脂（SM）和鞘糖脂主要位于外质小叶上，而磷脂，包括磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）和磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE），通常富集于细胞质小叶中。其他次要磷脂，如磷脂酸和磷脂酰肌醇（PI），也富集在细胞质表面。这种不对称分布与每一种脂质通过与其他分子的相互作用调节各种生物事件有关。阐明膜脂分布和运动的调控机制对理解膜脂的生理作用至关重要。本文重点介绍了已报道的参与细胞凋亡、血液凝固等生物现象的磷脂，并总结了目前对该磷脂动力学的认识，包括生物合成、代谢、转运和跨双分子层运动。我们也提到已报道的与磷脂不对称有关的疾病。
In eukaryotic cells, the biological membrane is characterized by a non-uniform distribution of membrane lipids, vertically as well as laterally. The paradigm for the vertical non-random distribution is the plasma membrane, where phosphatidylcholine (PC), sphingomyelin (SM), and glycosphingolipids are primarily located on the exoplasmic leaflet, while aminophospholipids, including phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), are generally enriched in the cytoplasmic leaflet. Other minor phospholipids, such as phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylinositol (PI), are also enriched on the cytoplasmic face. Such asymmetrical distribution is related to each lipid regulating various biological events through interaction with other molecules. The clarification of the regulatory mechanism of the distribution and movement of membrane lipids is crucial to understanding the physiological roles of lipids. Here we focus on PS, which has been reported to be involved in apoptosis, blood coagulation and other biological phenomena, and summarize the present understanding of the dynamics of this phospholipid, including biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, and transbilayer movement. We also refer to diseases that have been reported to be related to phospholipid asymmetry.