Seasonal shifts in activity timing reduce heat loss of small mammals during winter
Seasonal shifts in activity timing reduce heat loss of small mammals during winter
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.04.014
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Orrock, John L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guiden, Peter W.;Orrock, John L.
所有的活动都有成本，但是动物经常可以改变它们活动的时间来减少这些成本。在能量缺乏的季节（如冬季），活动的代谢成本尤其高，但动物能够调整活动时间以降低代谢成本的程度尚不清楚。在这里，我们测试了一个假设，即小型哺乳动物在冬季活动的时间将热量损失降到最低。利用雪下的运动激活摄像机，我们发现一种广泛分布的夜间活动的小型哺乳动物（白足鼠，Peromyscus leucopus）在初冬时转向昼间活动，从而减少了4%的潜在热量损失。南方红背田鼠Myodes gapperi也能避免寒冷的温度，但它是通过在更大的时间尺度上调整活动时间，在寒冷的日子里尽量减少活动来做到这一点的。我们得出结论，在24小时和多天的时间尺度上，活动时间的可塑性是冬季节约能量的重要手段，在预测物种分布、丰度和相互作用时可能需要考虑到这一点。(c) 2020动物行为研究协会。Elsevier Ltd.出版。版权所有。
All activity imposes costs, but animals can often alter the timing of their activity to reduce these costs. Metabolic costs of activity are especially high during seasons of energy deficits (such as winter), but the extent to which animals can adjust their activity timing to reduce metabolic costs is unclear. Here, we test the hypothesis that the timing of small mammal activity during winter minimizes heat loss. Using motion-activated cameras deployed under snow, we show that a widely distributed nocturnal small mammal species (white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus) shifted to diurnal activity in early winter, which reduced potential heat loss by 4%. The southern red-backed vole, Myodes gapperi, also avoided cold temperatures, but did so by adjusting its activity timing at a broader temporal scale by minimizing activity on cold days. We conclude that plasticity in activity timing - at both 24 h and multiday temporal scales - is an important means of conserving energy during winter and may need to be accounted for when forecasting species distributions, abundances and interactions. (c) 2020 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.