Agricultural Wastes for Full-Cell Sodium-Ion Batteries: Engineering Biomass Components to Maximize the Performance and Economic Prospects
Agricultural Wastes for Full-Cell Sodium-Ion Batteries: Engineering Biomass Components to Maximize the Performance and Economic Prospects
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DOI：
10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c04750
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发表时间：
2022-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Qing Jin;L. Tao;Yiming Feng;D. Xia;G. Spiering;Anyang Hu;R. Moore;Feng Lin;Haibo Huang
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文献类型：
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作者：
Qing Jin;L. Tao;Yiming Feng;D. Xia;G. Spiering;Anyang Hu;R. Moore;Feng Lin;Haibo Huang
木质素是自然界中最丰富的生物聚合物之一。虽然木质素衍生的硬碳（L-HC）具有用作钠离子电池（SIB）阳极的潜力，但其较差的电化学性能限制了其应用。在自然界中，木质素通常与农业生物质中的纤维素和半纤维素共存，并且研究已经应用不同的农业生物质来制造SIB阳极;然而，潜在的机制，特别是每个组分的功能，仍然不清楚。在本研究中，我们的目标是将联合收割机木质素与纤维素和/或半纤维素结合，以制备具有优异电化学性能和低成本的硬炭，更重要的是，揭示潜在的机制。我们发现L-HC的电化学性能差主要是由于其具有高含量的含氧官能团的大表面积和其独特的物理结构抑制了有效的Na扩散。将木质素与纤维素或半纤维素组合导致所得硬碳的电化学性能显著改善，其中纤维素主要有助于容量的增加，而半纤维素主要有助于循环期间和高电流密度下容量的稳定性。综合考虑半电池和全电池的电化学性能和经济性，木质素与纤维素的复合材料显示出巨大的潜力。我们的研究揭示了每个主要生物质组分对所得硬碳的物理和电化学性质的贡献，并设计了一种独特的方法来改善L-HC。
Lignin is one of the most abundant biopolymers in nature. Although lignin-derived hard carbon (L-HC) has potential to be used as a sodium-ion battery (SIB) anode but is limited by its poor electrochemical performance. In nature, lignin normally coexists with cellulose and hemicellulose in agricultural biomass, and studies have applied different agricultural biomasses to make SIB anodes; however, the underlying mechanism, especially the functionality of each component, is still unclear. In this study, we aim to combine lignin with cellulose and/or hemicellulose to produce hard carbons with outstanding electrochemical performance and low cost, and more importantly, unveil the underlying mechanisms. We found that the poor electrochemical performance of L-HC was mainly due to its large surface area with high amount of oxygen-containing functional groups and its unique physical structure that inhibit effective Na diffusion. Combining lignin with either cellulose or hemicellulose led to significantly improved electrochemical performance of the resulting hard carbon, with cellulose mainly contributing to the increase of capacity and hemicellulose mainly contributing to the stability of capacity during cycling and at high current density. Based on the comprehensive consideration of both electrochemical performance (half and full cells) and economic perspectives, lignin combined with cellulose showed great potential. Our study shed light on the contributions of each major biomass component on physical and electrochemical properties of resulting hard carbon and designed a unique way to improve L-HC.