Application of q-Space Diffusion MRI for the Visualization of White Matter
Application of q-Space Diffusion MRI for the Visualization of White Matter
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1770-15.2016
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发表时间：
2016-03-02
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Okano, Hideyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fujiyoshi, Kanehiro;Hikishima, Keigo;Okano, Hideyuki
最近在各种神经和精神疾病中报告了CNS中的白色物质异常。通过q空间扩散MRI（QSI）定量水扩散的非高斯性呈现生物扩散屏障，例如髓鞘;然而，这种方法的耗时性质阻碍了其临床应用。在目前的研究中，我们的目标是完善QSI协议，使其临床应用和可视化髓鞘信号在临床环境中。为此，首先进行动物研究，以优化非高斯QSI度量的采集协议。然后创建从最佳QSI（髓磷脂图）导出的标准化峰度值的热图。在髓鞘缺陷小鼠和非人灵长类动物中，通过监测化学性脊髓损伤后脱髓鞘和髓鞘再生过程中髓鞘图谱的变化，对髓鞘图谱进行组织学验证。结果表明，它是足够敏感的描绘髓鞘形成障碍，脱髓鞘和髓鞘再生的动物模型。最后，在选定的一组多发性硬化症（MS）患者中进行的试点临床研究评估了其在临床实践中的效用。用3 T磁共振扫描仪可在10分钟内获得人髓鞘图。髓鞘图谱的使用对于可视化白色物质是实用的，并且其灵敏地检测脱髓鞘后髓鞘信号的再现，可能反映MS患者中的髓鞘再生。我们的研究结果共同表明，髓鞘地图，一个峰度相关的热图可与节省时间的QSI，可能是一种新的和临床上有用的手段，可视化髓鞘在人类中枢神经系统。
White matter abnormalities in the CNS have been reported recently in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Quantitation of non-Gaussianity for water diffusion by q-space diffusional MRI (QSI) renders biological diffusion barriers such as myelin sheaths; however, the time-consuming nature of this method hinders its clinical application. In the current study, we aimed to refine QSI protocols to enable their clinical application and to visualize myelin signals in a clinical setting. For this purpose, animal studies were first performed to optimize the acquisition protocol of a non-Gaussian QSI metric. The heat map of standardized kurtosis values derived from optimal QSI (myelin map) was then created. Histological validation of the myelin map was performed in myelin-deficient mice and in a nonhuman primate by monitoring its variation during demyelination and remyelination after chemical spinal cord injury. The results demonstrated that it was sensitive enough to depict dysmyelination, demyelination, and remyelination in animal models. Finally, its utility in clinical practice was assessed by a pilot clinical study in a selected group of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The human myelin map could be obtained within 10 min with a 3 T MR scanner. Use of the myelin map was practical for visualizing white matter and it sensitively detected reappearance of myelin signals after demyelination, possibly reflecting remyelination in MS patients. Our results together suggest that the myelin map, a kurtosis-related heat map obtainable with time-saving QSI, may be a novel and clinically useful means of visualizing myelin in the human CNS.