The Cenozoic magmatism of East Africa: Part II – Rifting of the mobile belt

The Cenozoic magmatism of East Africa: Part II – Rifting of the mobile belt
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东非新生代岩浆作用:第二部分 — 移动带的裂谷

DOI:
10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105291
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Rooney, Tyrone O.
Rooney, Tyrone O.
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rooney, Tyrone O.

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尽管东非在我们对大陆裂谷作用的理解中发挥了基础性的作用,但对于岩浆活动在进步裂谷发展过程中如何演变,仍然存在很大的模糊性。这一贡献是一个比较研究,探讨岩浆活动的时间发展,在两个裂谷,并在插入图尔卡纳凹陷。尽管独立的演化的主要埃塞俄比亚裂谷和肯尼亚裂谷之前,其第四纪的联系,岩浆事件在他们表现出显着的平行性。在玄武岩浆活动的初始脉冲之后。20马,更进化的成分(洪水phonelae在肯尼亚,rhyelae在埃塞俄比亚)占主导地位的景观,直到约。12马。从约12 Ma至9 Ma,广泛的玄武岩火山活动的更新阶段(中中新世复活阶段)影响了从阿法尔边缘到肯尼亚的整个地区,尽管南部的活动略早于北部的玄武岩事件。在这次广泛的玄武岩事件之后,岩浆活动再次主导了现在新生的裂谷,直到大约开始了新的玄武岩活动阶段。4 ~ 1.6Ma为“类层状相”。随着类层状相的结束,两个裂谷中火山活动的现代表现形式都由中央火山控制。图尔卡纳凹陷内的岩浆活动与这两个裂谷大致相似-玄武岩事件在约1000年时很明显。20 Ma、12 Ma和4 Ma,但裂谷中明显的间歇期一般不存在。此外,从4马到现在,有一个逐步减少的岩浆活动,从最初的裂隙玄武岩,一系列大型盾状火山,现代带的火山锥。这一综合的结果表明,广泛的脉冲玄武岩事件之前,在整个东非裂谷系统的火山爆发,缺乏这样的爆发在图尔卡纳可能与中生代裂谷,修改大陆岩石圈在该地区。
Despite the foundational role East Africa has played in the advancement of our understanding of continental rifting, there remains substantial ambiguity as to how magmatism has evolved during progressive rift development. This contribution is a comparative study that explores the temporal development of magmatism in both rifts, and within the interposing Turkana Depression. Notwithstanding the independent evolution of the Main Ethiopian Rift and Kenya Rift prior to their Quaternary linkage, magmatic events within them show remarkable parallelism. Following an initial pulse of basaltic magmatism ca. 20 Ma, more evolved compositions (flood phonolites in Kenya, rhyolites in Ethiopia) dominated the landscape until ca. 12 Ma. From ca. 12 Ma to 9 Ma, a renewed phase of widespread basaltic volcanism (Mid-Miocene Resurgence Phase) impacted the entire region from the Afar margin to Kenya, though activity in the south slightly predates equivalent basaltic events to the north. Following this widespread basaltic event, silicic magmatism again dominated the now nascent rifts until a renewed phase of basaltic activity commenced ca. 4 to 1.6 Ma termed the ‘Stratoid Phase’. Following the termination of the Stratoid Phase, the modern expression of volcanism in both rifts has been dominated by central silicic volcanoes. Magmatic activity within the Turkana Depression broadly parallels that in both rifts – basaltic events are evident at ca. 20 Ma, 12 Ma, and 4 Ma, however the silicic interludes that are evident within the rifts, are generally absent. Moreover, from 4 Ma to present, there is a progressive decrease in magmatic activity from an initial fissural basalt, to a series of large shield volcanoes, to modern belts of cinder cones. The results of this synthesis suggest widespread pulsed basaltic events precede silicic flare-ups throughout the East African Rift System, and the lack of such flare-ups in Turkana may relate to the Mesozoic rifting that modified the continental lithosphere in that region.
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