The optic nerve head in glaucomatous optic neuropathy
The optic nerve head in glaucomatous optic neuropathy
复制标题
DOI：
10.1001/archopht.1997.01100150391013
复制
发表时间：
1997-03-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pena, JDO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hernandez, MR;Pena, JDO
原发性开角型青光眼是青光眼最常见的形式，其特征是视神经轴突不可逆转的丧失。之前对人类和患有青光眼的猴子的研究表明，轴突受损的位置在视神经头部的筛板水平。在青光眼视神经头中，视盘的进行性拔罐是由于筛板结缔组织(细胞外基质)的压缩、拉伸和重塑所致。星形胶质细胞是视神经中的主要细胞类型，可能积极参与细胞外基质的重塑。支持视神经轴突的组织的成分、结构或反应过程可能存在个体差异，这可能解释了拔罐的性质和程度因眼压和神经病变的进展而发生变化的原因。我们提出了筛板细胞外基质的特殊变化和星形胶质细胞在青光眼视神经病变中的作用的证据。未来的研究将重点放在开发旨在预防或控制细胞外基质损害的治疗方法上，这可能有助于改善青光眼的治疗结果。
Primary open-angle glaucoma, the most common form of glaucoma, is characterized by irreversible loss of axons from the optic nerve. Previous research in humans and monkeys with glaucoma suggests that the site of damage to the axons is at the level of the lamina cribrosa in the optic nerve head. In the glaucomatous optic nerve head, progressive cupping of the optic disc results from compression, stretching, and remodeling of the connective tissue (extracellular matrix) of the lamina cribrosa. Astrocytes are the major cell type in the optic nerve and may participate actively in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. There may be individual variability in the composition, structure, or reactive processes of the tissue supporting the axons in the optic nerve that may explain the variations in the nature and degree of cupping in response to intraocular pressure and in the progression of the neuropathy. We present evidence of specific changes in the extracellular matrix of the lamina cribrosa and the role of astrocytes in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Future studies focused on developing therapies directed at preventing or controling damage to the extracellular matrix may help improve the outcome of the management of glaucoma.