Estimates of Ethanol Exposure in Children from Food not Labeled as Alcohol-Containing
Estimates of Ethanol Exposure in Children from Food not Labeled as Alcohol-Containing
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DOI：
10.1093/jat/bkw046
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Schrenk, Dieter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gorgus, Eva;Hittinger, Maike;Schrenk, Dieter
乙醇被广泛用于草药中，例如用于儿童的。此外，酒精是面包或酸奶等发酵食品和果汁等“非发酵”食品的组成部分。与此同时，儿童暴露在极低水平的乙醇中可能会对精神运动功能产生不利影响。这里，我们分析了来自德国市场的不同食品中的酒精水平。结果发现，橙汁、苹果汁和葡萄汁中含有大量的乙醇(高达0.77g/L)。此外，某些包装烘焙产品，如汉堡卷或甜牛奶卷，每100克含有超过1.2克乙醇。我们设计了一个6岁儿童平均接触酒精的情景。香蕉、面包和烘焙食品以及苹果汁这几个类别的消费数据来自美国和德国的调查。平均每天接触10.3毫克酒精/公斤体重(B.W.)据估计。如果假设某一“类别”的消费量高(急性)，则暴露量上升至12.5-23.3毫克/千克体重。这一剂量几乎是草药最低暴露剂量(6毫克/公斤体重)的2倍(平均)或4倍(高)。建议在儿童中使用时要求警告提示。
Ethanol is widely used in herbal medicines, e.g., for children. Furthermore, alcohol is a constituent of fermented food such as bread or yogurt and "non-fermented" food such as fruit juices. At the same time, exposure to very low levels of ethanol in children is discussed as possibly having adverse effects on psychomotoric functions. Here, we have analyzed alcohol levels in different food products from the German market. It was found that orange, apple and grape juice contain substantial amounts of ethanol (up to 0.77 g/L). Furthermore, certain packed bakery products such as burger rolls or sweet milk rolls contained more than 1.2 g ethanol/100 g. We designed a scenario for average ethanol exposure by a 6-year-old child. Consumption data for the "categories" bananas, bread and bakery products and apple juice were derived from US and German surveys. An average daily exposure of 10.3mg ethanol/kg body weight (b.w.) was estimated. If a high (acute) consumption level was assumed for one of the "categories," exposure rose to 12.5-23.3mg/kg b.w. This amount is almost 2-fold (average) or up to 4-fold (high) higher than the lowest exposure from herbal medicines (6mg/kg b.w.) suggested to require warning hints for the use in children.