Fatty acid amides, previously identified in caterpillars, found in the cricket Teleogryllus taiwanemma and fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster larvae
Fatty acid amides, previously identified in caterpillars, found in the cricket Teleogryllus taiwanemma and fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster larvae
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DOI：
10.1007/s10886-007-9321-2
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发表时间：
2007-07-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Mori, Naoki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yoshinaga, Naoko;Aboshi, Takako;Mori, Naoki
脂肪酸酰胺（FAA）是已知的诱导子，可诱导植物释放挥发性化合物，进而吸引觅食的寄生蜂。自从在甜菜夜蛾幼虫的反流物中发现volicitin [N-(17-羟基亚麻酰基)-L-谷氨酰胺]以来，在其他几种鳞翅目毛虫中也鉴定出了一系列相关的FAA。我们筛选了 13 种非鳞翅目昆虫中是否存在 FAA，发现这些化合物存在于两种密切相关的蟋蟀物种 Teleogryllus taiwanemma 和 T. emma（直翅目：蟋蟀科）的成虫以及果蝇幼虫、果蝇（双翅目：果蝇科）中。通过液相色谱/质谱-离子阱飞行时间 (LCMS-IT-TOF) 分析，两种蟋蟀的肠道内容物具有几乎相同的 FAA 组成，主要的 FAA 包括 N-亚麻酰基-L-谷氨酸和 N-亚油酰基-L-谷氨酸。还有两种以前未表征的 FAA，根据观察到的碎片模式，被认为是这些谷氨酸缀合物的羟基化衍生物。除了这四种含有谷氨酸的FAA外，还检测到N-亚麻酰基-L-谷氨酰胺和少量的volicitin。在黑腹果蝇中，N-亚麻酰基-L-谷氨酸和 N-亚油酰基-L-谷氨酸是幼虫提取物中发现的主要 FAA，而羟基化谷氨酸缀合物、volicitin 和 N-亚麻酰基-L-谷氨酰胺被检测为痕量成分。尽管在本文研究的 10 种昆虫中并未发现这些 FAA，但在另外两种昆虫中的鉴定表明，FAA 比之前报道的更为常见，并且可能在除毛毛虫之外的多种昆虫中发挥生理作用。
Fatty acid amides (FAAs) are known elicitors that induce plants to release volatile compounds that, in turn, attract foraging parasitoids. Since the discovery of volicitin [N-(17-hydroxylinolenoyl)-L-glutamine] in the regurgitant of larval Spodoptera exigua, a series of related FAAs have been identified in several other species of lepidopteran caterpillars. We screened 13 non-lepidopteran insects for the presence of FAAs and found that these compounds were present in adults of two closely related cricket species, Teleogryllus taiwanemma and T. emma (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), and larvae of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae). When analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-ion trap-time-of-flight (LCMS-IT-TOF), the gut contents of both crickets had nearly identical FAA composition, the major FAAs comprising N-linolenoyl-L-glutamic acid and N-linoleoyl-L-glutamic acid. There were also two previously uncharacterized FAAs that were thought to be hydroxylated derivatives of these glutamic acid conjugates, based on their observed fragmentation patterns. In addition to these four FAAs containing glutamic acid, N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine and a small amount of volicitin were detected. In D. melanogaster, N-linolenoyl-L-glutamic acid and N-linoleoyl-L-glutamic acid were the major FAAs found in larval extracts, while hydroxylated glutamic acid conjugates, volicitin and N-linolenoyl-L-glutamine, were detected as trace components. Although these FAAs were not found in ten of the insects studied here, their identification in two additional orders of insects suggests that FAAs are more common than previously reported and may have physiological roles in a wide range of insects besides caterpillars.