Empire, imperialism and the Bush doctrine
Empire, imperialism and the Bush doctrine
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帝国、帝国主义和布什主义
DOI：
10.1017/s0260210504006242
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
M. Cox
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Cox
这是一个没有自我意识的帝国，它的良好意图经常引起国外的不满。但这并不使它成为一个帝国，用赫尔曼梅尔维尔的话来说，它坚信只有它才承载着“世界自由的方舟”。如果按照马克思的观点，所有的历史都是阶级斗争的历史，那么我们也可以说，所有的国际历史都是不同类型的帝国之间争夺霸权的斗争，在这个世界上，唯一的衡量标准是成功，而实现这一目标的唯一手段是通过战争。事实上，这一事实对历史学家来说是如此明显--但国际关系这一职业对威斯特伐利亚解决方案如此执着--以至于它太容易忘记，自16世纪以来，帝国征服，而不仅仅是国家生存，一直是塑造世界体系轮廓的主要动力。然而，帝国不仅仅是存在于静态结构中的代理人。他们是有生命的实体，他们思考、计划，然后试图从研究过去发生在其他人身上的事情中吸取适当的教训。
It is an empire without a consciousness of itself as such, constantly shocked that its good intentions arouse resentment abroad. But that does not make it any the less of an empire, with a conviction that it alone, in Herman Melville's words, bears ‘the ark of liberties of the world. If all history according to Marx has been the history of class struggle, then all international history, it could just as well be argued, has been the struggle between different kinds of Empire vying for hegemony in a world where the only measure was success and the only means of achieving this was through war. Indeed, so obvious is this fact to historians – but so fixated has the profession of International Relations been with the Westphalian settlement – that it too readily forgets that imperial conquest, rather than mere state survival, has been the principle dynamic shaping the contours of the world system from the sixteenth century onwards. Empires, however, were not just mere agents existing in static structures. They were living entities that thought, planned, and then tried to draw the appropriate lessons from the study of what had happened to others in the past.