Atmospheric Electrification in Dusty, Reactive Gases in the Solar System and Beyond
Atmospheric Electrification in Dusty, Reactive Gases in the Solar System and Beyond
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DOI：
10.1007/s10712-016-9361-7
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Christiane Helling;R. Giles Harrison;F. Honary;D. Diver;K. Aplin;I. Dobbs-Dixon;U. Ebert;S. Inutsuka;F. Gordillo‐Vázquez;S. Littlefair
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文献类型：
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作者：
Christiane Helling;R. Giles Harrison;F. Honary;D. Diver;K. Aplin;I. Dobbs-Dixon;U. Ebert;S. Inutsuka;F. Gordillo‐Vázquez;S. Littlefair
对太阳系行星的详细观察揭示了当地各种大气条件。天文观测揭示了各种各样的太阳系外行星，其中没有一颗与太阳系行星完全相似。相反，太阳系外行星中质量最大的气体巨星看起来与(年轻的)棕矮星非常相似，后者是宇宙中最古老的天体之一。尽管存在这种多样性，但太阳系行星、太阳系外行星和棕矮星在300至2500℃之间的全球温度大体相似，因此，它们的大气中形成了不同化学物种的云。虽然这些云的细节不同，但基本的物理过程是相同的。此外，所有这些天体都被观测到会产生射电和X射线辐射。虽然这两种辐射在地球上都得到了很好的研究，在太阳系行星上的研究程度较低，但对于褐矮星、太阳系外行星和原行星盘上加速的电子可能产生的辐射，目前还不太清楚。本文从气象学、火山学、行星学以及太阳系外行星和行星形成的研究中，对带电过程及其对宿主环境的反馈提供了一个跨学科的观点。
Detailed observations of the solar system planets reveal a wide variety of local atmospheric conditions. Astronomical observations have revealed a variety of extrasolar planets none of which resembles any of the solar system planets in full. Instead, the most massive amongst the extrasolar planets, the gas giants, appear very similar to the class of (young) brown dwarfs which are amongst the oldest objects in the Universe. Despite this diversity, solar system planets, extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs have broadly similar global temperatures between 300 and 2500 K. In consequence, clouds of different chemical species form in their atmospheres. While the details of these clouds differ, the fundamental physical processes are the same. Further to this, all these objects were observed to produce radio and X-ray emissions. While both kinds of radiation are well studied on Earth and to a lesser extent on the solar system planets, the occurrence of emissions that potentially originate from accelerated electrons on brown dwarfs, extrasolar planets and protoplanetary disks is not well understood yet. This paper offers an interdisciplinary view on electrification processes and their feedback on their hosting environment in meteorology, volcanology, planetology and research on extrasolar planets and planet formation.