Breaking Symmetry: The Asymmetries in Epigenetic Inheritance.
Breaking Symmetry: The Asymmetries in Epigenetic Inheritance.
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打破对称：表观遗传中的不对称。
DOI：
10.1042/bio_2020_110
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chen X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zion E;Chen X
对称和不对称是生活的基本方面。多细胞生物中的大多数细胞都含有相同的遗传信息，这些信息是从一个起源细胞——受精卵——传递下来的；然而，这些细胞可以具有各种不同的身份，具有不同的外观和功能。生物学中的一个基本问题是，含有相同DNA含量的细胞如何具有不同的细胞身份。表观遗传机制可能是破坏对称的因素，因为它们能够在不改变DNA序列的情况下改变细胞中的基因表达。虽然在细胞分裂过程中DNA的复制和分离过程已经得到了很好的研究，但对多细胞生物中表观遗传信息是如何在细胞中建立和遗传的了解较少。对非对称干细胞分裂的研究，即干细胞分裂产生自我更新的干细胞和分化的子细胞，为研究表观遗传信息如何维持或改变以产生具有相同遗传信息但细胞命运不同的子细胞提供了一个模型。在这里，我们讨论了在不对称细胞分裂过程中表观遗传信息是如何维持或改变的发现和想法，以及这种不对称在影响细胞命运中的重要性。
Symmetry and asymmetry are fundamental aspects of life. Most cells within a multicellular organism contain the same genetic information, passed on from one originating cell – the zygote; however, these cells can take on a variety of different identities, with diverse appearances and functions. A fundamental question in biology ponders how cells containing identical DNA content can take on different cell identities. Epigenetic mechanisms could be the symmetry breaking factor, as they are able to change gene expression in cells without changing the DNA sequence. While the process of duplication and segregation of DNA during cell division has been well studied, it is less understood how the epigenetic information is established and inherited in the cells within a multicellular organism. Studies of asymmetric stem cell division, where a stem cell division gives rise to a self-renewed stem cell and a differentiating daughter cell, provides a model to study how epigenetic information is maintained or changed to produce daughter cells with identical genetic information but distinct cell fates. Here, we discuss findings and ideas of how epigenetic information is maintained or changed during asymmetric cell division and the importance of this asymmetry in influencing cell fate.