Self-Fulfilling Prophecies: Documentation of Real-World Daily Alcohol Expectancy Effects on the Experience of Specific Positive and Negative Alcohol-Related Consequences
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies: Documentation of Real-World Daily Alcohol Expectancy Effects on the Experience of Specific Positive and Negative Alcohol-Related Consequences
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DOI：
10.1037/adb0000537
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发表时间：
2020-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Lewis, Melissa A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Christine M.;Fairlie, Anne M.;Lewis, Melissa A.
在横向和纵向研究中，酒精预期与酒精使用一致相关。然而，很少有研究调查特定饮酒场合的酒精预期是否与这些日子的报告后果有关，特别是当控制饮酒量时，从而区分报告后果可能由酒精或“预期效应”造成的程度。“这项研究检查了特定后果的每日预期效应。大学生（N = 342;平均年龄19.7 [标准差（SD）= 1.25]，52.9%为女性）参加了纵向测量爆发研究。在四个2周的时间间隔，参与者使用移动的电话回答3个调查，每天通过自动电话采访。结果显示，当大学生对特定的主观积极后果（例如，感觉更放松，心情更好），他们更有可能报告说，由于当天饮酒，他们经历了同样的后果，即使在控制了当天实际饮酒量之后。这同样适用于主观的人际负面后果（例如，变得咄咄逼人、粗鲁或令人讨厌;使自己难堪），但不是为了较少的主观身体/认知负面后果（例如，宿醉、呕吐、受伤、遗忘）。结果表明，一个人对酒精的特定影响的期望往往是自我实现的主观影响的酒精，即使他们没有直接联系到酒精的生理影响。研究结果强调了酒精预期的重要作用，特别是对主观积极的社交和紧张减轻/放松效果的预期，在理解有问题的酒精使用方面的重要作用。
Alcohol expectancies are consistently associated with alcohol use in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. However, little research has examined whether alcohol expectancies on specific drinking occasions are associated with reported consequences on those days, particularly when controlling for the amount of alcohol consumed, thus differentiating the extent to which reported consequences may have resulted from alcohol or an "expectancy effect." This study examined consequence-specific daily expectancy effects. College students (N = 342; mean age 19.7 [standard deviation (SD) = 1.25], 52.9% female) participated in a longitudinal measurement burst study. During four 2-week intervals, participants used mobile phones to respond to 3 surveys per day via automated telephone interviews. The results showed that on days when college students had higher-than-average expectancies for specific subjective positive consequences (e.g., feeling more relaxed, being in a better mood), they were more likely to report experiencing those same consequences as a result of their alcohol use that day, even after controlling for how much they actually drank on that day. The same held true for subjective interpersonal negative consequences (e.g., becoming aggressive, rude, or obnoxious; embarrassing oneself), but not for less subjective physical/cognitive negative consequences (e.g., having a hangover, vomiting, getting hurt/injured, forgetting). The results suggest that one's expectations about the particular effects of alcohol tend to be self-fulfilling for subjective effects of alcohol even when they are not directly tied to the physiological effects of alcohol. The findings underscore the important role of alcohol expectancies, particularly the expectation of subjective positive social and tension-reduction/relaxation effects, in understanding problematic alcohol use.