Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the experience of flow
Neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the experience of flow
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DOI：
10.1016/j.concog.2004.07.002
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发表时间：
2004-12-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Dietrich, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dietrich, A
认知科学和神经科学的最新理论和实证研究与心流体验的概念相联系。在简要阐述了大脑的功能之后，将外显-内隐区分应用于心流状态所特有的不费力的信息加工。外显系统与额叶和内侧颞叶结构的高级认知功能相关，并已进化为增加认知灵活性。相比之下，内隐系统与主要由基底神经节支持的基于技能的知识相关联，并且具有更有效的优势。从这种灵活性/效率的权衡分析出现了一个论文，确定了流状态作为一个时期，在此期间，一个高度实践的技能，表示在隐式系统的知识库是不受干扰的显式系统的实施。有人建议，流的经验的一个必要的先决条件是一个短暂的hypofrontality状态，使暂时抑制的分析和元意识能力的显式系统。检查感觉运动整合技能，似乎代表流，如运动表现，写作和自由爵士即兴创作，新的框架澄清了这个概念如何与创造力，并开辟了新的研究途径。(C)2004爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Recent theoretical and empirical work in cognitive science and neuroscience is brought into contact with the concept of the flow experience. After a brief exposition of brain function, the explicit-implicit distinction is applied to the effortless information processing that is so characteristic of the flow state. The explicit system is associated with the higher cognitive functions of the frontal lobe and medial temporal lobe structures and has evolved to increase cognitive flexibility. In contrast, the implicit system is associated with the skill-based knowledge supported primarily by the basal ganglia and has the advantage of being more efficient. From the analysis of this flexibility/efficiency trade-off emerges a thesis that identifies the flow state as a period during which a highly practiced skill that is represented in the implicit system's knowledge base is implemented without interference from the explicit system. It is proposed that a necessary prerequisite to the experience of flow is a state of transient hypofrontality that enables the temporary suppression of the analytical and meta-conscious capacities of the explicit system. Examining sensory-motor integration skills that seem to typify flow such as athletic performance, writing, and free-jazz improvisation, the new framework clarifies how this concept relates to creativity and opens new avenues of research. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.