Dramatic Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome Around Parturition and Its Relationship With Host Serum Metabolic Changes in Sows
Dramatic Remodeling of the Gut Microbiome Around Parturition and Its Relationship With Host Serum Metabolic Changes in Sows
复制标题
母猪分娩前后肠道微生物组的急剧重塑及其与宿主血清代谢变化的关系
DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2019.02123
复制
发表时间：
2019-09-12
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Huang, Lusheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Huang, Xiaochang;Gao, Jun;Huang, Lusheng
围产期护理对哺乳动物非常重要，因为它对胎儿生长、孕产妇健康和哺乳有贡献。分娩期间宿主激素、新陈代谢和免疫力的显着变化可能伴随着肠道微生物组的变化。然而，据我们所知，尚未在猪身上研究肠道微生物组的变化及其对分娩前后宿主代谢变化的贡献。此外，由于易于控制饲养条件，猪是研究肠道微生物群与宿主代谢相互作用的理想生物医学模型。在这里，我们报告了实验和验证母猪群体 (n = 107) 在妊娠后期（分娩前 5 天，LP）到产后（分娩后 6 小时内，PO）期间肠道微生物群的巨大重塑和潜在功能能力。怀孕母猪和分娩母猪肠道中的细菌丰富度显着下降，而β多样性却急剧增加。从LP状态到PO状态，拟杆菌门与厚壁菌门的比例以及普氏菌属的相对丰度显着下降，而优势菌属乳杆菌的相对丰度显着增加。从 LP 状态到 PO 状态，与氨基酸代谢、辅因子和维生素代谢以及聚糖生物合成相关的肠道微生物组的预测功能能力显着下降。然而，与碳水化合物和脂质代谢相关的功能能力却增加了。与这些变化一致，LP阶段血清代谢物富集与氨基酸和维生素的代谢相关。相反，PO阶段富集的代谢物与脂质代谢相关。我们进一步发现，肠道微生物群的丰富度和β多样性以及乳酸菌的丰度导致了与脂质代谢相关的胆汁酸代谢物水平的变化。结果表明，围产期宿主与微生物群的相互作用会影响宿主代谢。这些通过为产奶提供脂质代谢能量，有利于母猪的泌乳。
Perinatal care is important in mammals due to its contribution to fetal growth, maternal health, and lactation. Substantial changes in host hormones, metabolism, and immunity around the parturition period may be accompanied by alterations in the gut microbiome. However, to our knowledge, changes in the gut microbiome and their contribution to the shifts in host metabolism around parturition have not been investigated in pigs. Furthermore, pigs are an ideal biomedical model for studying the interactions of the gut microbiota with host metabolism, due to the ease of controlling feeding conditions. Here we report dramatic remodeling of the gut microbiota and the potential functional capacity during the late stages of pregnancy (5 days before parturition, LP) to postpartum (within 6 h after delivery, PO) in both experimental and validated populations of sows (n = 107). The richness of bacteria in the gut of both pregnant and delivery sows significantly decreased, whilst the β-diversity dramatically expanded. The ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and the relative abundance of Prevotella significantly decreased, whilst the relative abundance of the predominant genus Lactobacillus significantly increased from LP to PO state. The predicted functional capacities of the gut microbiome related to amino acid metabolism, the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and glycan biosynthesis were significantly decreased from LP to PO state. However, the abundance of the functional capacities associated with carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were increased. Consistent with these changes, serum metabolites enriched at the LP stage were associated with the metabolism of amino acids and vitamins. In contrast, metabolites enriched at the PO stage were related to lipid metabolism. We further identified that the richness and β-diversity of the gut microbiota and the abundance of Lactobacillus accounted for shifts in the levels of bile acid metabolites associated with lipid metabolism. The results suggest that host-microbiota interactions during the perinatal period impact host metabolism. These benefit the lactation of sows by providing energy from lipid metabolism for milk production.