Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants and Their Metabolites in Indoor Dust from Homes and Microenvironments.
Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants and Their Metabolites in Indoor Dust from Homes and Microenvironments.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.5b04826
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Wei Wang;Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos;K. Abualnaja;A. Covaci;B. Gevao;B. Johnson-Restrepo;T. Kumosani;G. Malarvannan;T. Minh;Hyo-Bang Moon;H. Nakata;Ravindra K Sinha;Kurunthachalam Kannan
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文献类型：
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作者：
Wei Wang;Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos;K. Abualnaja;A. Covaci;B. Gevao;B. Johnson-Restrepo;T. Kumosani;G. Malarvannan;T. Minh;Hyo-Bang Moon;H. Nakata;Ravindra K Sinha;Kurunthachalam Kannan
合成酚类抗氧化剂（SPAs），包括2,6-二叔丁基-4-羟基甲苯（BHT），广泛应用于食品、化妆品和塑料工业。然而，除了饮食来源外，关于人类暴露于spa的信息有限。本研究测定了来自12个国家的339份室内粉尘中9种spa及其代谢物/降解产物的含量。99.5%的家庭和微环境室内粉尘样本中发现BHT的浓度分别在<限限至118 μg和0.10至3460 μg/g之间。本研究首次测定了室内粉尘中BHT代谢物（0.01 ~ 35.1 μg/g），其浓度占总浓度（∑spa）的9.2 ~ 58%。3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醛（BHT- cho）、2,6-二叔丁基-4-（羟甲基）苯酚（BHT- oh）、2,6-二叔丁基-1,4-苯醌（BHT- q）是粉尘样品中发现的BHT的主要衍生物。家庭粉尘和微环境粉尘中没食子酸酯（gallates）的LOQ值分别为< < LOQ值18.2和< LOQ值684 μg/g。spa的浓度和分布因国家和微环境而异。在电子废物车间的粉尘中发现了显著升高的spa浓度（1530 μg/g）。通过室内灰尘摄入BHT的估计每日摄入量（EDI）范围为0.40至222 ng/kg/d（第95百分位数）。
Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs), including 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), are extensively used in food, cosmetic and plastic industries. Nevertheless, limited information is available on human exposures, other than the dietary sources, to SPAs. In this study, occurrence of 9 SPAs and their metabolites/degradation products was determined in 339 indoor dust collected from 12 countries. BHT was found in 99.5% of indoor dust samples from homes and microenvironments at concentrations that ranged from < LOQ to 118 μg/g and 0.10 to 3460 μg/g, respectively. This is the first study to measure BHT metabolites in house dust (0.01-35.1 μg/g) and their concentrations accounted for 9.2-58% of the sum concentrations (∑SPAs). 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (BHT-CHO), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol (BHT-OH), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (BHT-Q) were the major derivatives of BHT found in dust samples. The concentrations of gallic acid esters (gallates) in dust from homes and microenvironments ranged from < LOQ to 18.2 and < LOQ to 684 μg/g, respectively. The concentrations and profiles of SPAs varied among countries and microenvironments. Significantly elevated concentrations of SPAs were found in dust from an e-waste workshop (1530 μg/g). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of BHT via house dust ingestion ranged from 0.40 to 222 ng/kg/d (95th percentile).