River regulation and fish communities in the Murray-Darling river system, Australia
River regulation and fish communities in the Murray-Darling river system, Australia
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DOI：
10.1002/rrr.3450110310
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发表时间：
1995-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bruce, AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gehrke, PC;Brown, P;Bruce, AM
从四个集水区的墨累达令河系统的鱼类群落进行了分析，气候，水文和河流调节。使用年度比例流量偏差作为衡量河流调节的标准，Paroo河流域被评估为不受管制，Darling河流域被评估为轻度管制，Murrumbidgee河和Murray河流域被评估为高度管制。在四个集水区的高流量和低流量季节，共捕获了11 010条鱼类，包括9种本地鱼类和3种外来鱼类。本地物种，如黄金鲈鱼Macquaria ambigua（Percichthyidae），骨鲱鱼Nematalosa erebi（鲱科）和闪光鲈鱼Leiopotherapon单色（Teraponidae），占主导地位的鱼类群落在Paroo和达令集水区，但外来物种，主要是鲤鱼，鲤鱼（鲤科），也很丰富。本地和外来物种更丰富的洪水后，在这些集水区，但有小的变化，在集水区的高流量和低流量季节之间的物种组成。鲤鱼在默里和默兰比吉流域的社区中占据主导地位。在日益受到管制的集水区，物种多样性有明显减少的趋势。河流整治可能会改变相对丰富的本地和外来鱼类的环境周期和本地物种的繁殖周期。排序的物种丰度显示离散的鱼类群落，反映了流域之间的地理分离。群落之间的差异与扩散机会、优势种的环境耐受力和河流整治的改良效应有关。湖泊中的鱼类群落表现出较小的季节性变化比同一流域内的河流群落，表明更大的季节性稳定性的湖泊相比，受管制和不受管制的河流河段。鱼类资源管理需要在目前的国家和全流域管理方案中纳入针对具体流域的战略。
Fish communities from four catchments in the Murray-Darling river system were analysed in relation to climate, hydrology and river regulation. Using the annual proportional flow deviation as a measure of river regulation, the Paroo River catchment was assessed as unregulated, the Darling River catchment as mildly regulated and the Murrumbidgee River and River Murray catchments as highly regulated. A total of 11 010 fish, representing nine native and three alien species, was caught during high and low flow seasons in the four catchments. Native species, such as golden perch Macquaria ambigua (Percichthyidae), bony herring Nematalosa erebi (Clupeidae) and spangled perch Leiopotherapon unicolor (Teraponidae), dominated fish communities in the Paroo and Darling catchments, but alien species, mostly carp, Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae), were also abundant. Both native and alien species were more abundant in these catchments after flooding, but there was little change in species composition between high and low flow seasons at the catchment level. Carp dominated communities in the Murray and Murrumbidgee catchments. There was a significant trend for reduced species diversity in increasingly regulated catchments. River regulation may alter the relative abundance of native and alien fish by desynchronizing environmental cycles and the reproductive cycles of native species. Ordination of species abundances showed discrete fish communities that reflect the geographical separation between catchments. Differences between communities are related to opportunities for dispersal, the environmental tolerances of dominant species and the modifying effects of river regulation. Fish communities in lakes exhibited less seasonal variation than riverine communities within the same catchment, indicating the greater seasonal stability of lakes compared with regulated and unregulated river reaches. Management of fish resources needs to include catchment-specific strategies within current State and basin-wide management programmes.