PERSISTENCE OF A MICROBIAL FLORA DURING POSTEMBRYOGENESIS OF DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER
PERSISTENCE OF A MICROBIAL FLORA DURING POSTEMBRYOGENESIS OF DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-2011(69)90163-3
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发表时间：
1969-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
BAKULA, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BAKULA, M
黑腹果蝇卵表面的细菌“感染”幼虫的“感染”机制已被间接确定为幼幼虫吃卵的绒毛膜（或脱离绒毛膜）的结果。没有证据表明鸡蛋内有细菌。在两种具有不同革兰氏阳性菌群的野生型果蝇种群中，一种细菌菌群在幼虫和蛹发育过程中持续存在。对大肠杆菌感染的家畜的进一步研究表明，ate。在昆虫的发育过程中，只有在单氧的情况下才会发生结肠炎；暴露于正常菌群后1周内更换。细菌可能从下皮形成时的发育图像中排除，尽管除去除蛹中存在的污染外的所有污染的成虫确实保持了细菌菌群。这两种野生型种群要么被自身菌群的一个成员单性感染，要么被外来细菌感染，要么被单性感染。在果蝇种群中，当它们被自己的菌群中的一个成员感染时，幼虫期的长度明显短于无菌时的长度。当种群单系感染外来细菌时，幼虫期的长度明显长于正常菌群存在时的长度。对在无菌条件下从雌性身上取出的卵的研究表明，绒毛膜表面的污染是通过粪便发生的。细菌在各个发育阶段的持续存在，使e。大肠杆菌留在这些种群中，在正常菌群存在的情况下，发育时间缩短表明所研究的微生物菌群是相互共生的，可能是遗传决定的。
The “infection” mechanism whereby bacteria on the surface of the egg ofDrosophila melanogaster“infect” larvae has been indirectly determined to result from young larvae eating the chorion (or off the chorion) of the egg. There was no evidence that bacteria occur within the egg. A bacterial flora was shown to persist through larval and pupal development in two wild-type stocks ofDrosophilahaving different gram-positive floras. Further studies with anEscherichia coli-infected stock have shown thatE. colipersists during the development of the insect only when monoxenic; it is replaced within 1 week after exposure to normal flora. Bacteria may be excluded from the developing imago about the time of hypoderm formation, although adult flies removed from all contamination except that present in the pupal case did maintain a bacterial flora. The two wild-type stocks were monoxenically infected with a member of their own flora, or with a foreign bacterium, or were left axenic. The length of the larval period in the stocks ofDrosophilaused was significantly shorter when they were infected with a member of their own flora than it was when they were axenic. The length of the larval period when stocks were monoxenically infected with a foreign bacterium was significantly longer than when a member of the normal flora was present. Studies of eggs removed from females under sterile conditions indicate that contamination of the chorion surface occurs via the feces. The persistence of bacteria in all stages of development, the inability ofE. colito remain with these stocks, and the shortened developmental time in the presence of normal flora suggests that the microbial flora studied is mutualistically symbiotic, and may be genetically determined.