Social impacts of climate change mitigation policies and their implications for inequality
Social impacts of climate change mitigation policies and their implications for inequality
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DOI：
10.1080/14693062.2019.1596873
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发表时间：
2019-03-27
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Anger-Kraavi, Annela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Markkanen, Sanna;Anger-Kraavi, Annela
《巴黎协定》和可持续发展目标为环境、经济和社会进步设定了雄心勃勃的目标。减缓气候变化政策在这一进程中发挥着核心作用。为了最大限度地扩大气候变化减缓政策的惠益，最大限度地减少其负面影响，决策者需要了解这些政策可能产生的间接且往往复杂的社会和不平等影响，以及这些影响产生的途径。随着各国在后巴黎背景下逐步提高其气候政策目标，更好地了解分配和不平等影响对于避免负面的社会和分配结果至关重要。本文综合了现有文献中关于气候变化减缓政策的社会共同影响及其对不平等的影响的证据。分析表明，大多数政策既有共同利益，也有不利的副作用，并可根据背景因素、政策设计和政策执行情况，加剧或减少不平等。在贫困、腐败和经济社会不平等程度高的情况下，以及在识别和减轻潜在不利副作用方面采取的行动有限的情况下，负面后果的风险更大。关键政策见解随着各国实现《巴黎协定》目标的雄心不断增强，与减缓气候变化政策相关的负面社会后果（包括不平等加剧）的风险也在增加。气候政策的负面不平等影响可以减轻（甚至可能防止），但这需要有意识的努力、仔细的规划和多方利益攸关方的参与。如果在政策制定的所有阶段，包括政策规划、制定和执行阶段，都考虑到潜在的不平等影响，就能取得最佳成果，气候变化减缓政策应采取有利于穷人的办法，在最好的情况下，这种办法也能减少现有的不平等。
The Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set ambitious targets for environmental, economic and social progress. Climate change mitigation policies play a central role in this process. To maximize the benefits and minimize the negative effects of climate change mitigation policies, policymakers need to be aware of the indirect and often complex social and inequality impacts that these policies may have and the pathways through which these impacts emerge. Better understanding of the distributional and inequality impacts is important to avoid negative social and distributional outcomes as countries ratchet up their climate policy ambition in the post-Paris context. This paper synthesizes evidence from the existing literature on social co-impacts of climate change mitigation policy and their implications for inequality. The analysis shows that most policies are linked to both co-benefits and adverse side-effects, and can compound or lessen inequalities depending on contextual factors, policy design and policy implementation. The risk of negative outcomes is greater in contexts characterized by high levels of poverty, corruption and economic and social inequalities, and where limited action is taken to identify and mitigate potentially adverse side-effects.Key policy insightsThe risk of adverse social outcomes associated with climate change mitigation policies, including worsening inequality, increases as countries ratchet up their ambition to meet the Paris Agreement targets. Many policies that have so far only been piloted will need to be up-scaled.Negative inequality impacts of climate policies can be mitigated (and possibly even prevented), but this requires conscious effort, careful planning and multi-stakeholder engagement. Best results can be achieved when potential inequality impacts are taken into consideration in all stages of policy making, including policy planning, development and implementation.Climate change mitigation policies should take a pro-poor approach that, in best case scenarios, can also lead to a reduction of existing inequalities.