Mentorship Is Not Enough: Exploring Sponsorship and Its Role in Career Advancement in Academic Medicine
Mentorship Is Not Enough: Exploring Sponsorship and Its Role in Career Advancement in Academic Medicine
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DOI：
10.1097/acm.0000000000002398
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Levine, Rachel B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ayyala, Manasa S.;Skarupski, Kimberly;Levine, Rachel B.
目的探讨赞助在学术医学中如何发挥专业关系的作用。方法作者于2016年对约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的教师进行了半结构化访谈：系主任（发起人）和执行领导力发展项目的教师参与者（被保护者）。采用编辑分析的方式，对访谈笔录进行主题内容编码；编码框架和主题是使用迭代过程派生的。结果从23位教师访谈（12位赞助者，11位被保护人）中确定了5个主题：(1)师徒关系不同：赞助是偶发的，专注于特定的机会；(2)有效的赞助商是事业有成且人脉广泛的星探；(3)有效的门生能够胜任任务并保持忠诚；(4)信任、尊重和权衡风险是成功赞助关系的关键；(5)赞助对职业发展至关重要。赞助不同于指导，尽管导师如果地位高、关系好，也可以成为赞助商。有效的赞助者可以进入网络，并在推广被保护人时提供明确的支持。有效的被保护人会展示自己的潜力，并充分利用职业发展的机会。成功的赞助关系是建立在信任、尊重、互利和理解潜在风险的基础上的。赞助是晋升到高层领导角色的关键。女性被认为不太可能寻求赞助，但需要赞助提供的额外支持才能成功。赞助，除了指导，是成功的职业发展的关键。将赞助理解为一种独特的职业关系，可以帮助教师和学术领袖在将赞助作为一种深思熟虑的职业发展战略时做出更明智的决定。
Purpose To explore how sponsorship functions as a professional relationship in academic medicine. Method The authors conducted semistructured interviews with Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine faculty in 2016: department chairs (sponsors) and faculty participants of an executive leadership development program (proteges). Using editing analysis style, the authors coded interview transcripts for thematic content; a coding framework and themes were derived using an iterative process. Results Five themes were identified from 23 faculty interviews (12 sponsors, 11 proteges): (1) Mentorship is different: Sponsorship is episodic and focused on specific opportunities; (2) Effective sponsors are career-established and well-connected talent scouts; (3) Effective proteges rise to the task and remain loyal; (4) Trust, respect, and weighing risks are key to successful sponsorship relationships; (5) Sponsorship is critical to career advancement. Sponsorship is distinct from mentorship, though mentors can be sponsors if highly placed and well connected. Effective sponsors have access to networks and provide unequivocal support when promoting proteges. Effective proteges demonstrate potential and make the most of career-advancing opportunities. Successful sponsorship relationships are based on trust, respect, mutual benefits, and understanding potential risks. Sponsorship is critical to advance to high-level leadership roles. Women are perceived as being less likely to seek sponsorship but as needing the extra support sponsorship provides to be successful. Conclusions Sponsorship, in addition to mentorship, is critical for successful career advancement. Understanding sponsorship as a distinct professional relationship may help faculty and academic leaders make more informed decisions about using sponsorship as a deliberate career-advancement strategy.