Effects of Selective Logging on Bat Communities in the Southeastern Amazon
Effects of Selective Logging on Bat Communities in the Southeastern Amazon
复制标题
选择性伐木对亚马逊东南部蝙蝠群落的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
B. Zimmerman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Peters;J. Malcolm;B. Zimmerman
摘要： 虽然每年都会有选择地砍伐大面积的热带森林，但很少有人研究蝙蝠群落对这种干扰的反应。我们的目标是(1)比较亚马逊东南部未伐木和低强度选择性伐木(1-4个伐木茎/公顷)采样网格中蝙蝠的数量、物种组成和取食协会结构，以及(2)检验伐木引起的蝙蝠群落变化与森林结构之间的相关性。我们捕获了林下和树冠雾网中的蝙蝠，这些网设置在伐木和未伐木森林中的五个1公顷的研究网格中。共捕获个体996只，隶属5科32属49种。在林冠开阔程度和林下叶密度最大的采伐地上，食蜜性和食果性类群(舌蝇亚科、金龟亚科、斯氏菌亚科和卡罗利亚亚科)的丰富度较高。相比之下，食虫性和杂食性物种(幼虫科、桑蛾科、叶甲亚科和叶蜂科)在未伐木地点更为丰富，这些地点的树冠叶密度和林下层的变异性最大。多变量分析表明，林下蝙蝠的种类组成在伐木和未伐木地点之间差异很大，但几乎没有提供砍伐对树冠动物的影响的证据。不同的取食协会和分类群体的反应似乎与觅食和回声定位策略以及冠层盖度和林下树叶密度的变化有关。我们的结果表明，即使是低强度的砍伐也会改变蝙蝠的栖息地结构，导致蝙蝠物种组成的变化。
Abstract: Although extensive areas of tropical forest are selectively logged each year, the responses of bat communities to this form of disturbance have rarely been examined. Our objectives were to (1) compare bat abundance, species composition, and feeding guild structure between unlogged and low‐intensity selectively logged (1–4 logged stems/ha) sampling grids in the southeastern Amazon and (2) examine correlations between logging‐induced changes in bat communities and forest structure. We captured bats in understory and canopy mist nets set in five 1‐ha study grids in both logged and unlogged forest. We captured 996 individuals, representing 5 families, 32 genera, and 49 species. Abundances of nectarivorous and frugivorous taxa (Glossophaginae, Lonchophyllinae, Stenodermatinae, and Carolliinae) were higher at logged sites, where canopy openness and understory foliage density were greatest. In contrast, insectivorous and omnivorous species (Emballonuridae, Mormoopidae, Phyllostominae, and Vespertilionidae) were more abundant in unlogged sites, where canopy foliage density and variability in the understory stratum were greatest. Multivariate analyses indicated that understory bat species composition differed strongly between logged and unlogged sites but provided little evidence of logging effects for the canopy fauna. Different responses among feeding guilds and taxonomic groups appeared to be related to foraging and echolocation strategies and to changes in canopy cover and understory foliage densities. Our results suggest that even low‐intensity logging modifies habitat structure, leading to changes in bat species composition.