Branch cankers on citrus trees in Spain caused by Phytophthora citrophthora
Branch cankers on citrus trees in Spain caused by Phytophthora citrophthora
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3059.2007.01702.x
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发表时间：
2007-09
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
L. A. Álvarez;A. Vicent;E. Roca;J. Bascón;P. Abad-campos;J. Armengol;J. García-jiménez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. A. Álvarez;A. Vicent;E. Roca;J. Bascón;P. Abad-campos;J. Armengol;J. García-jiménez
西班牙主要柑橘种植区柑橘树遭受大量损失。从 132 个果园采集了样本，并进行了分离和致病性测试，以确定严重溃疡病的病因。受影响的树木在接穗上出现溃疡，通常始于树枝。根据形态、培养、生理和分子特征鉴定了三种疫霉属物种。柑橘疫霉是 114 个果园中与这种新综合征相关的主要物种。烟草疫霉（同名 P. parasitica）是从 9 个果园中分离出来的，作为唯一的疫霉属物种，并与来自另外 9 个果园的柑橘疫霉同时感染。仅从一个果园分离到柠檬疫霉。在温室条件下进行的茎接种研究中，克莱门汀柑橘品种。 Hernandina 和甜橙 cv.脐橙砧木比酸橙和卡里佐枳橙砧木更容易受到柑橘疫霉的影响。克莱门汀CV。 Hernandina 在田间接种实验中也高度敏感。与实地调查一致，克莱门氏柑橘品种受影响最严重，其砧木保持健康。柑橘疫霉被发现是果园土壤中的主要物种；然而，P. nicotianae 也被分离出来。这一信息改变了由疫霉属引起的疾病的情况。因此，应重新评估目前的流行病学知识和当前控制措施的有效性。
Considerable losses of citrus trees have been observed in the major citrus-growing areas of Spain. Samples were collected from 132 orchards, and isolations and pathogencity tests were conducted to determine the aetiology of a serious canker disease. Affected trees showed cankers on the scion that frequently began on the branches. Three Phytophthora species were identified based on their morphological, cultural, physiological and molecular profiles. Phytophthora citrophthora was the main species associated with this new syndrome in 114 orchards. Phytophthora nicotianae (syn. P. parasitica) was isolated from nine orchards as the sole Phytophthora species and in coinfection with P. citrophthora from another nine orchards. Phytophthora citricola was isolated only from one orchard. In stem-inoculation studies conducted under greenhouse conditions, clementine mandarin cv. Hernandina and sweet orange cv. Navel Late were more susceptible to P. citrophthora than sour orange and Carrizo citrange rootstocks. Clementine cv. Hernandina was also highly susceptible in field inoculation experiments. In agreement with field surveys, clementine mandarin cultivars were the most affected, their rootstocks remaining healthy. Phytophthora citrophthora was found to be the predominant species in orchard soils; however, P. nicotianae was also isolated. This information changes the scenario of diseases caused by Phytophthora spp. in Spain and consequently, the present knowledge of epidemiology and the effectiveness of the current control measures should be reassessed.