Evaluation of in vitro ruminal fermentation of ensiled fruit byproducts and their potential for feed use.
Evaluation of in vitro ruminal fermentation of ensiled fruit byproducts and their potential for feed use.
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DOI：
10.5713/ajas.18.0282
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发表时间：
2019-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Uyeno Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mousa SA;Malik PK;Kolte AP;Bhatta R;Kasuga S;Uyeno Y
富含单宁的水果副产物(FB)的青贮涉及单宁的数量和质量的变化，从而改变瘤胃发酵特性。本研究旨在通过体外评估来评估青贮牛血清是否能有效地减少反刍动物的甲烷排放。收集水果副产物(葡萄渣、野生葡萄渣和柿皮)，用布氏乳杆菌接种剂进行四周青贮。用肉牛瘤胃液对含有或不含有FB样品的特定饲料成分(新鲜和青贮料)进行体外厌氧培养，并监测发酵参数和微生物种群。与没有FB的对照相比，添加FBS的瓶子中的甲烷产量减少，总挥发性脂肪酸的比例变化(尤其是丙酸比例增加)。此外，我们还发现，在装有FBS的瓶子中，古生菌16S rRNA的基因拷贝数低于对照组，而一种主要的纤维分解细菌(琥珀酸纤维杆菌)的水平显著高于对照组，尤其是当它被包括在饲草型饲料中时。然而，在接下来的培养实验中，我们观察到FBS在添加或不添加聚乙二醇的情况下没有表现出显著的甲烷产量差异，这意味着FBS中的单宁可能不是减缓甲烷生成的原因。体外培养实验结果表明，FBS的组成和青贮量不仅影响瘤胃发酵模式，而且影响甲烷产生量。这主要是由于青贮过程中纤维成分的变化以及容易发酵的底物的存在，而这些FBS中的单宁似乎对瘤胃发酵动力学影响不大。
Ensiling of tannin-rich fruit byproducts (FB) involves quantitative and qualitative changes in the tannins, which would consequently change the rumen fermentation characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate whether ensiled FBs are effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants by conducting in vitro assessments. Fruit byproducts (grape pomace, wild grape pomace, and persimmon skin) were collected and subjected to four-week ensiling by Lactobacillus buchneri inoculant. A defined feed component with or without FB samples (both fresh and ensiled material) were subjected to in vitro anaerobic culturing using rumen fluid sampled from beef cattle, and the fermentation parameters and microbial populations were monitored. Reduced methane production and a proportional change in total volatile fatty acids (especially enhanced propionate proportion) was noted in bottles containing the FBs compared with that in the control (without FB). In addition, we found lower gene copy number of archaeal 16S rRNA and considerably higher levels of one of the major fibrolytic bacteria (Fibrobacter succinogenes) in the bottles containing FBs than in the control, particularly, when it was included in a forage-based feed. However, in the following cultivation experiment, we observed that FBs failed to exhibit a significant difference in methane production with or without polyethylene glycol, implying that tannins in the FBs may not be responsible for the mitigation of methane generation. The results of the in vitro cultivation experiments indicated that not only the composition but also ensiling of FBs affected rumen fermentation patterns and the degree of methane generation. This is primarily because of the compositional changes in the fibrous fraction during ensiling as well as the presence of readily fermented substrates, whereas tannins in these FBs seemed to have little effect on the ruminal fermentation kinetics.