The MC1R and ASIP Coat Color Loci May Impact Behavior in the Horse
The MC1R and ASIP Coat Color Loci May Impact Behavior in the Horse
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DOI：
10.1093/jhered/esw007
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发表时间：
2016-05-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Brooks, Samantha A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacobs, Lauren N.;Staiger, Elizabeth A.;Brooks, Samantha A.
在许多哺乳动物物种中，黑素细胞和神经元利用的共享信号通路导致了毛色和行为的多效性特征。例如，在人类中，MC 1 R的多态性导致红头发，增加热敏感性和降低疼痛耐受性。在鹿鼠、大鼠和狐狸中，ASIP多态性导致黑色毛色，导致行为更加温顺，活动减少。马（Equus caballus）的底毛颜色主要由黑皮质素-1受体（MC 1 R）和银蛋白信号蛋白（ASIP）基因座的多态性决定，产生黑色、海湾色或栗色的皮毛。我们的目标是调查马的毛色和气质性状的遗传位点之间的相关性。我们使用先前发表的PCR和RFLP方法对215匹北美田纳西州走马的MC 1 R（E/e）和ASIP（A/a）基因座上最常见的2个等位基因进行了基因分型。这些马的平均年龄为10.5岁，包括83匹阉马、25匹种马和107匹母马。为了评估行为，我们采用了以前发表的调查，为处理器评分马从1到9的20个问题有关的特定方面的气质。我们利用主成分分析，将个体调查得分合并为气质表型变异的4个因素。ASIP基因座上的基因型与个体的独立性相关，其中，黑猩猩（aa）比黑猩猩（A_）更独立（P = 0.0063）。这些发现为今后研究复杂行为表型的神经内分泌机制提供了一种有前途的新型动物模型。
Shared signaling pathways utilized by melanocytes and neurons result in pleiotropic traits of coat color and behavior in many mammalian species. For example, in humans polymorphisms at MC1R cause red hair, increased heat sensitivity, and lower pain tolerance. In deer mice, rats, and foxes, ASIP polymorphisms causing black coat color lead to more docile demeanors and reduced activity. Horse (Equus caballus) base coat color is primarily determined by polymorphisms at the Melanocortin-1 Receptor (MC1R) and Agouti Signaling Protein (ASIP) loci, creating a black, bay, or chestnut coat. Our goal was to investigate correlations between genetic loci for coat color and temperament traits in the horse. We genotyped a total of 215 North American Tennessee Walking Horses for the 2 most common alleles at the MC1R (E/e) and ASIP (A/a) loci using previously published PCR and RFLP methods. The horses had a mean age of 10.5 years and comprised 83 geldings, 25 stallions, and 107 mares. To assess behavior, we adapted a previously published survey for handlers to score horses from 1 to 9 on 20 questions related to specific aspects of temperament. We utilized principle component analysis to combine the individual survey scores into 4 factors of variation in temperament phenotype. A factor component detailing self-reliance correlated with genotypes at the ASIP locus; black mares (aa) were more independent than bay mares (A_) (P = 0.0063). These findings illuminate a promising and novel animal model for future study of neuroendocrine mechanisms in complex behavioral phenotypes.