Enhanced videomicroscopy of phase transitions and diffusional phenomena in oil-water-nonionic surfactant systems
Enhanced videomicroscopy of phase transitions and diffusional phenomena in oil-water-nonionic surfactant systems
复制标题
油-水-非离子表面活性剂体系中相变和扩散现象的增强视频显微镜
DOI：
10.1016/0021-9797(86)90390-5
复制
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Clarence A. Miller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Benton;K. Raney;Clarence A. Miller
本文用视频显微镜观察了水-非离子表面活性剂混合物及其与纯烃接触过程中伴随相转变的动态行为。发现了各种不寻常的现象，包括层状液晶相的生长和溶解，包括通过加热各向同性液体的新方法形成髓鞘和bâtonnets。在某些现象中，液晶相的缺陷结构起着控制作用。例如，发现流体相的初始成核沿着缺陷发生，这是对液晶的首次观察。在接触实验中观察到各种类型的行为，这取决于温度是否远低于、接近或远高于相转化温度。的主要现象，自发乳化和中间相的形成，在许多方面类似于以前在阴离子表面活性剂体系中看到的那些，并在扩散路径理论的解释。在几个实验中，自然对流和/或马兰戈尼效应产生的流动增加了平衡速率，并且是相当戏剧性行为的来源。
Videomicroscopy was used to observe dynamic behavior accompanying phase transformation in waternonionic surfactant mixtures and the contact of these mixtures with pure hydrocarbons. Various unusual phenomena involving growth and dissolution of the lamellar liquid crystalline phase were seen, including the formation of myelinic figures and bâtonnets by the novel procedure of heating an isotropic liquid. In some phenomena the defect structure of the liquid crystalline phase played a controlling role. For instance, initial nucleation of fluid phases was seen to occur along defects, the first such observation for liquid crystals. Various types of behavior were seen in the contacting experiments, depending on whether the temperature was well below, near, or well above the phase inversion temperature. The chief phenomena, spontaneous emulsification and intermediate phase formation, were similar in many respects to those seen previously in anionic surfactant systems and were explainable in terms of diffusion path theory. In several experiments flow produced by natural convection and/or Marangoni effects increased the rate of equilibration and was the source of rather dramatic behavior.